<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3375258788775543649</id><updated>2012-02-16T22:26:18.507-05:00</updated><category term='여행'/><category term='IAG'/><category term='material'/><category term='열차 티켓'/><category term='station'/><category term='coordinate system'/><category term='사진'/><category term='워싱턴DC'/><category term='Open'/><category term='수식'/><category term='travel'/><category term='sign convention'/><category term='Deland'/><category term='isotropic'/><category term='미국'/><category term='isotropic material'/><category term='work'/><category term='shear stress'/><category term='anisotropic'/><category term='scalar'/><category term='New York'/><category term='niagara falls'/><category term='장소'/><category term='공간'/><category term='Georgia'/><category term='Maxwell Reciprocal Theorem'/><category term='수학'/><category term='strain'/><category term='Road Trip 2009'/><category term='표현'/><category term='Florida'/><category term='normal strain'/><category term='Travel Bug'/><category term='material coordinate system'/><category term='material property'/><category term='보스턴'/><category term='Hooke&apos;s Law'/><category term='COMPOSITE'/><category term='strain tensor'/><category term='언어'/><category term='열차'/><category term='Blog'/><category term='DAB'/><category term='google apps'/><category term='DC - Boston - NY'/><category term='AE Study'/><category term='PDK'/><category term='PA-28'/><category term='composite material'/><category term='crosscountry'/><category term='road trip'/><category term='NYC'/><category term='BVI'/><category term='space flux'/><category term='AE522'/><category term='long crosscountry'/><category term='stiffness matrix'/><category term='syllabus'/><category term='orthotropic material'/><category term='symetrical matrix'/><category term='transversely matrial'/><category term='USA'/><category term='piper'/><category term='자동차 여행'/><category term='Boston'/><category term='body force'/><category term='나이아가라 폭포'/><category term='Amtrak USA Rail Pass'/><category term='shear strain'/><category term='지도'/><category term='FDY'/><category term='Young&apos;s modulus'/><category term='비행'/><category term='shear modulus'/><category term='기차여행'/><category term='공학'/><category term='Washington DC'/><category term='EHO'/><category term='trensverse isotropic material'/><category term='compliance matrix'/><category term='vector'/><category term='normal stress'/><category term='DC'/><category term='STRESS'/><category term='기차표'/><category term='플로리다'/><category term='arrow'/><category term='AE522 Composite Material'/><category term='global coordiate system'/><category term='기차'/><category term='monoclinic material'/><category term='modulus of elasticity'/><category term='USA Rail Pass'/><category term='spaceflux.net'/><category term='Amtrak'/><category term='Matrix'/><category term='stress tensor'/><category term='열차여행'/><category term='유스호스텔'/><category term='Poisson&apos;s ratio'/><category term='tensor'/><category term='anisotropic material'/><category term='structure'/><category term='뉴욕'/><category term='conductor'/><category term='기차역'/><title type='text'>Space Flux</title><subtitle type='html'></subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://spaceflux-textcube.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3375258788775543649/posts/default?max-results=100'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://spaceflux-textcube.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><author><name>nadajim</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16860058226668979333</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>21</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>100</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3375258788775543649.post-2216806579572506724</id><published>2009-11-28T21:48:00.000-05:00</published><updated>2011-01-29T08:25:54.990-05:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='google apps'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='spaceflux.net'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='space flux'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Blog'/><title type='text'>Space Flux .net</title><content type='html'>&lt;P&gt;도메인을 새로 구입 했습니다!&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;I got a new domain!!&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href="http://spaceflux.net" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT size=7 face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;spaceflux.net&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;간단해서 좋군요! ㅎㅎ&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;I like this simple domain! hehe&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;Email 주소도 바꿨습니다.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;Email address is changed either.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href="mailto:spaceflux@spaceflux.net"&gt;&lt;FONT size=4 face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;spaceflux@spaceflux.net&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;Google Apps 확실히 편하긴 편하군요..&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;It was so easy to setup this using Google Apps..&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;space flux blog 오시는 것이 더 쉬워 졌으면 합니다.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;It would be easier to access space flux blog.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;Thank you!&lt;/P&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3375258788775543649-2216806579572506724?l=spaceflux-textcube.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://spaceflux-textcube.blogspot.com/feeds/2216806579572506724/comments/default' title='댓글'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://spaceflux-textcube.blogspot.com/2009/11/space-flux-net.html#comment-form' title='0개의 덧글'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3375258788775543649/posts/default/2216806579572506724'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3375258788775543649/posts/default/2216806579572506724'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://spaceflux-textcube.blogspot.com/2009/11/space-flux-net.html' title='Space Flux .net'/><author><name>nadajim</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16860058226668979333</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3375258788775543649.post-8590805223782091880</id><published>2009-09-18T00:35:00.000-04:00</published><updated>2011-01-29T08:25:54.944-05:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='crosscountry'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='비행'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='PA-28'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='niagara falls'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='FDY'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Travel Bug'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='IAG'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='BVI'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='long crosscountry'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='PDK'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='DAB'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='arrow'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='piper'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='여행'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='나이아가라 폭포'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='EHO'/><title type='text'>Crosscountry to Niagara Falls</title><content type='html'>&lt;P&gt;2009 09 12 ~ 13&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;주말을 이용하여 이틀간 cross country 로 후다닥 Niagara 폭포를 보고 왔습니다.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;IFRAME height=600 marginHeight=0 src="http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?hl=ko&amp;amp;ie=UTF8&amp;amp;msa=0&amp;amp;msid=107054661154851936507.000473d184256e74582d4&amp;amp;ll=36.668419,-80.024414&amp;amp;spn=21.094807,26.367188&amp;amp;z=5&amp;amp;output=embed" frameBorder=0 width=600 marginWidth=0 scrolling=no&gt; &lt;/IFRAME&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;SMALL&gt;큰 지도에서 &lt;A style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; COLOR: #0000ff" href="http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?hl=ko&amp;amp;ie=UTF8&amp;amp;msa=0&amp;amp;msid=107054661154851936507.000473d184256e74582d4&amp;amp;ll=36.668419,-80.024414&amp;amp;spn=21.094807,26.367188&amp;amp;z=5&amp;amp;source=embed"&gt;Crosscountry 2009 09 12~13&lt;/A&gt; 보기&lt;/SMALL&gt; &lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;2009 09 12 Sat&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;DAB - Daytona Beach International Airport&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;EHO - Shelby Cleveland County Regional Airport&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;BVI - Beaver County Airport&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;IAG - Niagara Falls International Airport&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;FDY - Findlay Airport&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;2009 09 13 Sun&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;FDY - Findlay Airport&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;PDK - Dekalb Peachtree Airport&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;DAB - Daytona Beach International Airport&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;대략 2000 마일 정도 찍었습니다.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;36시간 동안 21시간을 비행을 했습니다.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;정말 기름 넣고, 화장실 가고, 밥은 거의 안 먹고, 잠자고 잠깐 폭포 보는 거 빼곤 비행만 한 것 이죠~&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;쭉~ 비행만 해서 많이 배고픈 비행이었습니다...;;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;번개에 콩 구워 먹듯이 나이야가라 폭보를 찍고 온 것이죠. ㅎㅎㅎ&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;Piper PA-28 Arrow 가 빠르긴 빠른듯 합니다..&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;Cruising speed 가 대략 120~130 노트 나오더군요..&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;Single Engine 이지만, 기어가 들어가고, 프로펠러 피치도 바뀌고 하니..&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;저는 옵저버로 뒤에 타서 열심히 셔텨를 눌러 뎄습니다.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;사진은 언젠가는 올리겠죠.. ㅎㅎㅎ&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;Long cross country 의 참 맛을 느낄 수 있는 비행이었습니다.!!&lt;/P&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3375258788775543649-8590805223782091880?l=spaceflux-textcube.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://spaceflux-textcube.blogspot.com/feeds/8590805223782091880/comments/default' title='댓글'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://spaceflux-textcube.blogspot.com/2009/09/crosscountry-to-niagara-falls.html#comment-form' title='0개의 덧글'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3375258788775543649/posts/default/8590805223782091880'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3375258788775543649/posts/default/8590805223782091880'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://spaceflux-textcube.blogspot.com/2009/09/crosscountry-to-niagara-falls.html' title='Crosscountry to Niagara Falls'/><author><name>nadajim</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16860058226668979333</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3375258788775543649.post-5144978352766144644</id><published>2009-08-24T14:05:00.000-04:00</published><updated>2011-01-29T08:25:54.906-05:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='자동차 여행'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='road trip'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='여행'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='미국'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Travel Bug'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Road Trip 2009'/><title type='text'>Road Trip 2009 다녀왔습니다~</title><content type='html'>&lt;P&gt;Road Trip 2009 다녀왔습니다~!&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;대략 3주 정도해서 Daytona - LA - Seattle - LA - Daytona 이렇게 찍었습니다.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;Daytona to LA&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;IFRAME height=400 marginHeight=0 src="http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;hl=ko&amp;amp;msa=0&amp;amp;msid=107054661154851936507.000471cfdbcdd3230c7bc&amp;amp;ll=37.996163,-100.283203&amp;amp;spn=27.595504,52.734375&amp;amp;z=4&amp;amp;output=embed" frameBorder=0 width=600 marginWidth=0 scrolling=no&gt; &lt;/IFRAME&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;SMALL&gt;큰 지도에서 &lt;A style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; COLOR: #0000ff" href="http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;hl=ko&amp;amp;msa=0&amp;amp;msid=107054661154851936507.000471cfdbcdd3230c7bc&amp;amp;ll=37.996163,-100.283203&amp;amp;spn=27.595504,52.734375&amp;amp;z=4&amp;amp;source=embed"&gt;Road Trip 2009 Daytona to LA&lt;/A&gt; 보기&lt;/SMALL&gt; &lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;LA to Seattle&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;IFRAME height=600 marginHeight=0 src="http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;hl=ko&amp;amp;msa=0&amp;amp;msid=107054661154851936507.000471cffd0963ab84fc4&amp;amp;ll=41.277806,-119.399414&amp;amp;spn=19.791606,26.367188&amp;amp;z=5&amp;amp;output=embed" frameBorder=0 width=600 marginWidth=0 scrolling=no&gt; &lt;/IFRAME&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;SMALL&gt;큰 지도에서 &lt;A style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; COLOR: #0000ff" href="http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;hl=ko&amp;amp;msa=0&amp;amp;msid=107054661154851936507.000471cffd0963ab84fc4&amp;amp;ll=41.277806,-119.399414&amp;amp;spn=19.791606,26.367188&amp;amp;z=5&amp;amp;source=embed"&gt;Road Trip 2009 LA to Seattle&lt;/A&gt; 보기&lt;/SMALL&gt; &lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;Seattle to LA&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;IFRAME height=600 marginHeight=0 src="http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;hl=ko&amp;amp;msa=0&amp;amp;msid=107054661154851936507.000471e5f97262f5b33f8&amp;amp;ll=42.228517,-120.19043&amp;amp;spn=19.50624,26.367188&amp;amp;z=5&amp;amp;output=embed" frameBorder=0 width=600 marginWidth=0 scrolling=no&gt; &lt;/IFRAME&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;SMALL&gt;큰 지도에서 &lt;A style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; COLOR: #0000ff" href="http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;hl=ko&amp;amp;msa=0&amp;amp;msid=107054661154851936507.000471e5f97262f5b33f8&amp;amp;ll=42.228517,-120.19043&amp;amp;spn=19.50624,26.367188&amp;amp;z=5&amp;amp;source=embed"&gt;Road Trip 2009 Seattle to LA&lt;/A&gt; 보기&lt;/SMALL&gt; &lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;LA to Daytona&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;IFRAME height=400 marginHeight=0 src="http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;hl=ko&amp;amp;msa=0&amp;amp;msid=107054661154851936507.000471e621a1d66eded42&amp;amp;ll=37.857507,-99.755859&amp;amp;spn=27.645595,52.734375&amp;amp;z=4&amp;amp;output=embed" frameBorder=0 width=600 marginWidth=0 scrolling=no&gt; &lt;/IFRAME&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;SMALL&gt;큰 지도에서 &lt;A style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; COLOR: #0000ff" href="http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;hl=ko&amp;amp;msa=0&amp;amp;msid=107054661154851936507.000471e621a1d66eded42&amp;amp;ll=37.857507,-99.755859&amp;amp;spn=27.645595,52.734375&amp;amp;z=4&amp;amp;source=embed"&gt;Road Trip 2009 LA to Daytona&lt;/A&gt; 보기&lt;/SMALL&gt; &lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;다녀오니 바로 학기 시작이군요...&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;여행 이야기는 언젠가는 올리겠지요... &lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;한 몇년 후 쯤??? ㅎㅎㅎ&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;그럼 모두들 즐거운 가을 되시길 바래요~&lt;/P&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3375258788775543649-5144978352766144644?l=spaceflux-textcube.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://spaceflux-textcube.blogspot.com/feeds/5144978352766144644/comments/default' title='댓글'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://spaceflux-textcube.blogspot.com/2009/08/road-trip-2009-%EB%8B%A4%EB%85%80%EC%99%94%EC%8A%B5%EB%8B%88%EB%8B%A4.html#comment-form' title='0개의 덧글'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3375258788775543649/posts/default/5144978352766144644'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3375258788775543649/posts/default/5144978352766144644'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://spaceflux-textcube.blogspot.com/2009/08/road-trip-2009-%EB%8B%A4%EB%85%80%EC%99%94%EC%8A%B5%EB%8B%88%EB%8B%A4.html' title='Road Trip 2009 다녀왔습니다~'/><author><name>nadajim</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16860058226668979333</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3375258788775543649.post-187527770518797261</id><published>2009-08-03T14:00:00.000-04:00</published><updated>2011-01-29T08:25:54.862-05:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='road trip'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='여행'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Travel Bug'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Road Trip 2009'/><title type='text'>Road Trip 2009 떠납니다.</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;이번 2009 년 여름, 또 다시 Road Trip 을 떠납니다.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;이 글을 읽으실 때는 이미 반대편 해안에 있을 것 입니다.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;그 동안 올라간 포스트는 예약으로 올라간 것이죠~ ㅋㅋ&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;루트는 다음과 같습니다.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;iframe height="450" marginheight="0" src="http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;msa=0&amp;amp;msid=107054661154851936507.00046fc8c7aac618fbbab&amp;amp;ll=39.368279,-100.898437&amp;amp;spn=30.449318,54.492187&amp;amp;z=4&amp;amp;output=embed" frameborder="0" width="620" marginwidth="0" scrolling="no"&gt; &lt;/iframe&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;큰 지도에서 &lt;a style="text-align: left; color: #0000ff" href="http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;msa=0&amp;amp;msid=107054661154851936507.00046fc8c7aac618fbbab&amp;amp;ll=39.368279,-100.898437&amp;amp;spn=30.449318,54.492187&amp;amp;z=4&amp;amp;source=embed"&gt;Road Trip 2009&lt;/a&gt; 보기&lt;/small&gt;   &lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;Seattle 가고 나서는 맘대로 입니다~~~ ㅎㅎ &lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;대략 3주 정도 잡고 가는데요..&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;기대 되군요~&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;그 동안 포스트는 올릴 수 없겠네요~&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;이제 짐도 거의 다 싸고, 저는 앞으로 2시간 반 후면 출발 입니다!!&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;잘 다녀올게요!~&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3375258788775543649-187527770518797261?l=spaceflux-textcube.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://spaceflux-textcube.blogspot.com/feeds/187527770518797261/comments/default' title='댓글'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://spaceflux-textcube.blogspot.com/2009/08/road-trip-2009-%EB%96%A0%EB%82%A9%EB%8B%88%EB%8B%A4.html#comment-form' title='0개의 덧글'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3375258788775543649/posts/default/187527770518797261'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3375258788775543649/posts/default/187527770518797261'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://spaceflux-textcube.blogspot.com/2009/08/road-trip-2009-%EB%96%A0%EB%82%A9%EB%8B%88%EB%8B%A4.html' title='Road Trip 2009 떠납니다.'/><author><name>nadajim</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16860058226668979333</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3375258788775543649.post-1087312133763352595</id><published>2009-07-31T14:00:00.000-04:00</published><updated>2011-01-29T08:25:54.795-05:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='DC - Boston - NY'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='conductor'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='기차'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Georgia'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='열차여행'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='기차여행'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Amtrak'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='여행'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='열차'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Travel Bug'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Florida'/><title type='text'>Amtrak to DC</title><content type='html'>&lt;script src='http://ss.textcube.com/service/blog/script/blogger.js' type='text/javascript'&gt;&lt;/script&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;2006 03 18&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;IFRAME height=700 marginHeight=0 src="http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?f=q&amp;amp;source=s_q&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;geocode=&amp;amp;ie=UTF8&amp;amp;msa=0&amp;amp;msid=107054661154851936507.00046f2f15cac2a301da8&amp;amp;ll=34.161818,-79.914551&amp;amp;spn=12.712804,13.623047&amp;amp;z=6&amp;amp;output=embed" frameBorder=0 width=620 marginWidth=0 scrolling=no&gt; &lt;/IFRAME&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;SMALL&gt;View &lt;A style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; COLOR: #0000ff" href="http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?f=q&amp;amp;source=embed&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;geocode=&amp;amp;ie=UTF8&amp;amp;msa=0&amp;amp;msid=107054661154851936507.00046f2f15cac2a301da8&amp;amp;ll=34.161818,-79.914551&amp;amp;spn=12.712804,13.623047&amp;amp;z=6"&gt;Amtrack to DC&lt;/A&gt; in a larger map&lt;/SMALL&gt; &lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href="http://ss.textcube.com/blog/2/20636/attach/XExI1wjo1b.jpg"&gt;&lt;img src="http://ss.textcube.com/blog/2/20636/attach/XHbD1y1QcP.jpg" height="280" /&gt;&lt;/A&gt; &lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;p id="more-18-0" class="moreless_fold" style="color: #000000; padding: 0 0 0 10px;"&gt;&lt;span style="cursor: pointer;" onclick="if (window.TC$PRIV_toggleMoreLessBlogger != undefined) {TC$PRIV_toggleMoreLessBlogger(this, '18-0','펼쳐두기..','접어두기..'); return false;} else {document.getElementById('content-18-0').style.display='';}"&gt;      펼쳐두기..&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;div id="content-18-0" class="moreless_content" style="display: none; border: 1px dashed #cccccc; background-color: #f3f3f3; margin: 0 10px padding: 5px;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;FONT size=4&gt;열차 탑승&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 열차가 10분 정도 연착 했다. 연착 잘 한다는 이야기가 맞았다. 어느 부분은 2층이었고 어느 부분은 단층이었다. 난 짐을 매고 2층 짜리 열차에서 승무원이 나오는 출입구로 갔다. 기차가 하도 높아서 승무원이 발받침을 갖고 내렸다. 갔더니 여긴 coach 칸이 아니니 기차 뒤쪽으로 쭉쭉 가란다. 갈 때 보니 내가 올라탄 열차는 침대칸이 있었다. 더 가보니 복도가 중앙에 있는데, 양쪽으로 방이 있는 작은 침대칸이 있었다. 더 가보니 식탕칸이 있었다. 식탁들이 흰 천이 깔린 체로 있었다. 쭉쭉 더 가서 스넥칸을 지나가니 coach 칸이 나왔다.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 사람들이 바글 바글 했다. 아직도 기차에 올라타고 이었다. 기차는 알맞은 칸에서 올라타야 한다고 한다더니 그 말이 맞다.... 그래도 여러 칸을 걸어오면서 종류별로 어떤 칸이 있는지 구경할 수 있던 것은 좋았다. 자리가 많이 차서 창가에 못 앉았다.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 문들은 KTX 처럼 버튼을 누르면 열렸다. 발로 누르는 버튼도 있으니 손이 자유롭지 않으면 뻥 차면 된다. 작동방식도 KTX와 같은 듯 했다. 다른 것이 있다면 튼튼해 보이고 낡았다.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Conductor 라고 부르는 차장에게 가서 표 보여주며 자리 달라고 했다. 표는 보지도 않고 어디 가냐 물어보고 바로 맨 끝 칸 52로 가라고 한다. 원래는 USA Rail Pass, Boarding Ticket 여권 다 보여줘야 한다. 참고로 Amtrak 탈 때에는 따로 좌석을 부여하지 않는다. 모든 것은 conductor 맘에 달려있다.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;p id="more-18-1" class="moreless_fold" style="color: #000000; padding: 0 0 0 10px;"&gt;&lt;span style="cursor: pointer;" onclick="if (window.TC$PRIV_toggleMoreLessBlogger != undefined) {TC$PRIV_toggleMoreLessBlogger(this, '18-1','펼쳐두기..','접어두기..'); return false;} else {document.getElementById('content-18-1').style.display='';}"&gt;      펼쳐두기..&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;div id="content-18-1" class="moreless_content" style="display: none; border: 1px dashed #cccccc; background-color: #f3f3f3; margin: 0 10px padding: 5px;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;FONT size=4&gt;착석&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 자리로 갔더니 왜이리 다들 짐이 많은지.. 한곳엔 짐만 있는 자리도 있었다. 짐 규격이 있는 이유가 있었다. 크면 짐이 위에 있는 선반에 단 올라 간다. 다행히 옆에 천장 좀 높은 곳에 들어 갔다.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 나와 같이 앉는 사람은 설마 하고 형님이 말했던 뚱뚱한 흑인 할머니 었다. 이렇게 딱 들어 맞을 줄이야..ㅠㅜ; 할머니 짐도 위에 올리고 내 자리를 확보 했다.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 자리에 앉으니 옆의 백인 아줌마가 어디서 탔냐고 한다. 역이 안 보이던데, 버스처럼 손 흔들어서 탔냐고 한다. 후훗훗,,, 역이 너무 작아서 안 보인 거라고 했다. 역이 작아도 멈추긴 멈춘다. 자리에 앉으니 열차는 이미 출발 했다.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;FONT size=5 face=Arial&gt;In The Train Coach Heading DC&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;HR color=#000000 SIZE=1&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href="http://ss.textcube.com/blog/2/20636/attach/XNXU6qQmtz.jpg"&gt;&lt;img src="http://ss.textcube.com/blog/2/20636/attach/XKv0aViggw.jpg" height="820" /&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;A href="http://ss.textcube.com/blog/2/20636/attach/Xc6rZPktFJ.jpg"&gt;&lt;img src="http://ss.textcube.com/blog/2/20636/attach/XGLwrahZfu.jpg" height="820" /&gt;&lt;/A&gt; &lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href="http://ss.textcube.com/blog/2/20636/attach/XShS3Hljiq.jpg"&gt;&lt;img src="http://ss.textcube.com/blog/2/20636/attach/XRmdJnzCio.jpg" height="820" /&gt;&lt;/A&gt; &lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href="http://ss.textcube.com/blog/2/20636/attach/XTTCpYzv4J.jpg"&gt;&lt;img src="http://ss.textcube.com/blog/2/20636/attach/XPDoA2Ulkn.jpg" height="470" /&gt;&lt;/A&gt; &lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href="http://ss.textcube.com/blog/2/20636/attach/XfcBf3xBIP.jpg"&gt;&lt;img src="http://ss.textcube.com/blog/2/20636/attach/XROxdzhb4x.jpg" height="470" /&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href="http://ss.textcube.com/blog/2/20636/attach/XKpPUTACwa.jpg"&gt;&lt;img src="http://ss.textcube.com/blog/2/20636/attach/XUeFjeyScT.jpg" height="820" /&gt;&lt;/A&gt; &lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;p id="more-18-2" class="moreless_fold" style="color: #000000; padding: 0 0 0 10px;"&gt;&lt;span style="cursor: pointer;" onclick="if (window.TC$PRIV_toggleMoreLessBlogger != undefined) {TC$PRIV_toggleMoreLessBlogger(this, '18-2','펼쳐두기..','접어두기..'); return false;} else {document.getElementById('content-18-2').style.display='';}"&gt;      펼쳐두기..&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;div id="content-18-2" class="moreless_content" style="display: none; border: 1px dashed #cccccc; background-color: #f3f3f3; margin: 0 10px padding: 5px;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;FONT size=4&gt;열차 안 모습&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 미국 이라서 인지 체형이 큰 미국인을 위해 자리가 넓직 넓직 했다. 발받침과 다리 받침이 있었다. 테이블은 앞으로 죽 끌어당길 수 있게 돼있었다.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 사람들을 보니 자는 사람이 가장 많았고, 책보는 사람, DVD Player 보는 사람, 음악 듣는 사람 등이 있었다.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 화장실은 비행기 같았다. 비행기와 다른 것은 여긴 물 내리면 초록색 액체가 나오는 것이 아니라 그냥 물 나온다. 그리고 일회용 변기 시트도 있다. 수도 꼭지는 절수 식으로 손잡이를 돌리고 있어야 물이 나온다. 페이퍼 타올도 있다. 미국 어느 화장실에나 페이퍼 타올이 있다는 것은 참 좋은 것 같다. 장애인용 화장실은 넓직 하다. 화장실 근처에 빌트인으로 되있는 쓰레기통과 음수대가 있다. 음수대엔 종이컵도 같이 있어서 물 마시게 좋게 해놨다. 미국 어디서나 음수대가 있다는 것도 참 좋은 것 같다. 근데. 비추다 물이 미지근하고,, 괜히 믿음이 안 간다.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 기차가 그렇게 빠르지는 않았다. 하긴 빨리 가려면 비행기를 탔지.. 음악 듣다 책 좀 읽다 도리토스도 먹고 갔다. 잠자는 척도 해주고.. 기차가 무진장 흔들려서 글씨 쓰는데 많이 스킬이 필요 하다. 아니면 천천히 가거나 정차 할 때 써야 한다. 또 시끄럽기도 많이 시끄러웠다.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 지나가는 다른 역들도 Deland 역 하고 상황이 비슷한 듯했다. 다들 참 오래된 역들이다.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;FONT size=5 face=Arial&gt;Jacksonville Station&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;HR color=#000000 SIZE=1&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href="http://ss.textcube.com/blog/2/20636/attach/XPSiT3hJMM.jpg"&gt;&lt;img src="http://ss.textcube.com/blog/2/20636/attach/XXeSbvkvyu.jpg" height="470" /&gt;&lt;/A&gt; &lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;p id="more-18-3" class="moreless_fold" style="color: #000000; padding: 0 0 0 10px;"&gt;&lt;span style="cursor: pointer;" onclick="if (window.TC$PRIV_toggleMoreLessBlogger != undefined) {TC$PRIV_toggleMoreLessBlogger(this, '18-3','펼쳐두기..','접어두기..'); return false;} else {document.getElementById('content-18-3').style.display='';}"&gt;      펼쳐두기..&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;div id="content-18-3" class="moreless_content" style="display: none; border: 1px dashed #cccccc; background-color: #f3f3f3; margin: 0 10px padding: 5px;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Jacksonville에서 30분이나 정차 했다. JAX 역도 그리 괜찮지 않았다. 사람들이 나갔다 들어오고 했다. 지나가는 화물 기차를 보니 그라파티가 많이 그려져 있었다.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 오래 쉬는 역에서는 사람들이 나가서 담배 피기 바쁘다. &lt;/P&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;FONT size=5 face=Arial&gt;Keep Continue to DC&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;HR color=#000000 SIZE=1&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href="http://ss.textcube.com/blog/2/20636/attach/XT1QU4DWdH.jpg"&gt;&lt;img src="http://ss.textcube.com/blog/2/20636/attach/XU6NAfGQUB.jpg" height="470" /&gt;&lt;/A&gt; &lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href="http://ss.textcube.com/blog/2/20636/attach/XNHmXCCdsE.jpg"&gt;&lt;img src="http://ss.textcube.com/blog/2/20636/attach/XQFhsphgG5.jpg" height="470" /&gt;&lt;/A&gt; &lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;p id="more-18-4" class="moreless_fold" style="color: #000000; padding: 0 0 0 10px;"&gt;&lt;span style="cursor: pointer;" onclick="if (window.TC$PRIV_toggleMoreLessBlogger != undefined) {TC$PRIV_toggleMoreLessBlogger(this, '18-4','펼쳐두기..','접어두기..'); return false;} else {document.getElementById('content-18-4').style.display='';}"&gt;      펼쳐두기..&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;div id="content-18-4" class="moreless_content" style="display: none; border: 1px dashed #cccccc; background-color: #f3f3f3; margin: 0 10px padding: 5px;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;FONT size=4&gt;Conductor 와 검표원&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Conductor 아저씨가 베게를 나누어 줬다. 에어컨은 추위 많이 타면 덮을 거 하나 있으면 된다. 대략 바람 막을 정도만 있으면 된다.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; JAX를 출발해 좀 가다 보니 진짜 검표원이 왔다. Conductor보다 짬이 많아 보였다. 표 보여주고 큰 쪽을 뜻어 간다. 그리고 모라고 작은 종이에 적고 위쪽에 그 종이를 꽂는다.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 여긴 열차표 살 때 자리 배정을 안하고 conductor 아저씨가 배정을 하고 conductor 자신의 자리 배정 종이와 작은 종이에 그 자리 사람이 어디 까지 가는지 적는다. 검표원이 작은 종이에 목적지를 적을 때도 있다. 그리고 작은 종이는 자리 위 선반에 꽂아 둔다. 내 꺼는 노란색 종이에 Washington DC 로 가니까 그 역 코드 WAS 1명 이라고 써놨다. 그리고 그 종이 없어지거나 바뀌면 어디 가냐고 물어본다. 그러니 자리 바꿀 때 conductor 에게 말하고 바꿔야 한다.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 내릴 때 되면 conductor 가 어디라고 외치면서 알려준다. 작은 역인 경우는 그냥 그 목적지에 해당하는 사람에게 알려준다.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;p id="more-18-5" class="moreless_fold" style="color: #000000; padding: 0 0 0 10px;"&gt;&lt;span style="cursor: pointer;" onclick="if (window.TC$PRIV_toggleMoreLessBlogger != undefined) {TC$PRIV_toggleMoreLessBlogger(this, '18-5','펼쳐두기..','접어두기..'); return false;} else {document.getElementById('content-18-5').style.display='';}"&gt;      펼쳐두기..&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;div id="content-18-5" class="moreless_content" style="display: none; border: 1px dashed #cccccc; background-color: #f3f3f3; margin: 0 10px padding: 5px;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=4&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;창 밖 기차 사고 잔해들&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 기차에서 사진 찍는 것은 역시 힘들다. 마구 흔들린다. 열차가 나무만 있는 곳에서 서행을 했다. 왠가 했는데, 잠시 후에 알 수 있었다. 창 밖을 보니 트레일러들이 아작이 나 있었다. 한대가 아니라 여러 대가.. 트레일러가 구겨져 있었다. 기차 바퀴와 바지 기차도 접혀 있었다. 철도도 지그 제그로 접혀 있었다. 예전에 화물 기차가 사고가 났었나 보다. 그때 기차가 마구 흔들렸었나? 사진들이 없다.. 아마 구경하느라 바빴겠지..&lt;/P&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href="http://ss.textcube.com/blog/2/20636/attach/XH3CYbyVvs.jpg"&gt;&lt;img src="http://ss.textcube.com/blog/2/20636/attach/XNo62PR6Pd.jpg" height="820" /&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href="http://ss.textcube.com/blog/2/20636/attach/XRbdufyhVc.jpg"&gt;&lt;img src="http://ss.textcube.com/blog/2/20636/attach/XPyXp0CFr6.jpg" height="470" /&gt;&lt;/A&gt; &lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;p id="more-18-6" class="moreless_fold" style="color: #000000; padding: 0 0 0 10px;"&gt;&lt;span style="cursor: pointer;" onclick="if (window.TC$PRIV_toggleMoreLessBlogger != undefined) {TC$PRIV_toggleMoreLessBlogger(this, '18-6','펼쳐두기..','접어두기..'); return false;} else {document.getElementById('content-18-6').style.display='';}"&gt;      펼쳐두기..&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;div id="content-18-6" class="moreless_content" style="display: none; border: 1px dashed #cccccc; background-color: #f3f3f3; margin: 0 10px padding: 5px;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;FONT size=4&gt;기차 안 저녁&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 식사를 예약한 사람은 방송으로 부를 때 가면 된다. 디너 서비스는 5시 6시반 8시 15분으로 나뉘어 있었다. 스넥칸에 가면 센드위치, 과자, 핫도그, 피자, 음료 등을 판다. 난 Ham &amp;amp; Cheese Sub을 먹었다. Sub이니 크긴 컸다. 엄청 비쌀 줄 알았는데, 좀 비싸다. 종이 깍 쟁반에 담아 줬다. 음료는 얼음 컵과 같이 준다.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 카드 결제 된다. 근데, 구입할 때 기차표가 필요 하다. 여기 카드 결제는 전자식이 아니라 아주 옛날 방식이다. 그래서 시간이 좀 많이 걸린다.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 맛은 그냥 기차에서 파는 sub 다웠다. 빵이 김이 입천장에 붙듯이 앞니에 붙었다. 아무튼 배는 채웠다.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;p id="more-18-7" class="moreless_fold" style="color: #000000; padding: 0 0 0 10px;"&gt;&lt;span style="cursor: pointer;" onclick="if (window.TC$PRIV_toggleMoreLessBlogger != undefined) {TC$PRIV_toggleMoreLessBlogger(this, '18-7','펼쳐두기..','접어두기..'); return false;} else {document.getElementById('content-18-7').style.display='';}"&gt;      펼쳐두기..&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;div id="content-18-7" class="moreless_content" style="display: none; border: 1px dashed #cccccc; background-color: #f3f3f3; margin: 0 10px padding: 5px;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;FONT size=4&gt;자리 바꿨다&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 자리 바꿨다. 아까 소녀하고 아줌마 있던 자리로.. 혼자 앉으니 긴장이 풀렸다. 같이 앉고 있을 땐 얼마나 긴장하고 있었던지.. 자리 바꾸고 싶을 땐 conductor 에게 이야기 해야 한다. &lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 나중에 내 옆자리에 어떤 무진장 큰 흑인 아저씨가 앉았는데, 거의 자리에 앉아 있지 않았다. 자기 DVD Player 갖고 라운지에 가서 보나 보다.. 난 자다 깨다 반복하면서 계속 열차를 타고 갔다. 기차는 계속 가다 서다를 반복하면서 갔다.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href="http://ss.textcube.com/blog/2/20636/attach/Xb3YsxyFd8.jpg"&gt;&lt;img src="http://ss.textcube.com/blog/2/20636/attach/XYPnUC2i43.jpg" height="820" /&gt;&lt;/A&gt; &lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href="http://ss.textcube.com/blog/2/20636/attach/XRFM3FWRgz.jpg"&gt;&lt;img src="http://ss.textcube.com/blog/2/20636/attach/XJuMwwX2Pm.jpg" height="820" /&gt;&lt;/A&gt; &lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href="http://ss.textcube.com/blog/2/20636/attach/XY7BrpHBRY.jpg"&gt;&lt;img src="http://ss.textcube.com/blog/2/20636/attach/XNccpckGxC.jpg" height="470" /&gt;&lt;/A&gt; &lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href="http://ss.textcube.com/blog/2/20636/attach/XLVxQMCJTU.jpg"&gt;&lt;img src="http://ss.textcube.com/blog/2/20636/attach/XP3BiqVLoI.jpg" height="470" /&gt;&lt;/A&gt; &lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;p id="more-18-8" class="moreless_fold" style="color: #000000; padding: 0 0 0 10px;"&gt;&lt;span style="cursor: pointer;" onclick="if (window.TC$PRIV_toggleMoreLessBlogger != undefined) {TC$PRIV_toggleMoreLessBlogger(this, '18-8','펼쳐두기..','접어두기..'); return false;} else {document.getElementById('content-18-8').style.display='';}"&gt;      펼쳐두기..&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;div id="content-18-8" class="moreless_content" style="display: none; border: 1px dashed #cccccc; background-color: #f3f3f3; margin: 0 10px padding: 5px;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;FONT size=4&gt;창 밖 보기&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 할머니랑 앉았을 땐 할머니 넘어서 밖을 살짝 씩 봤다. 계속 나무가 이어졌다. Florida 에서는 역시 야자수와 파릇파릇한 나무들이 지나 갔다. Georgia 를 넘어 가니 이른 봄 기운이 난다. Georgia 남부는 Florida 와 비슷하지만, 올라 갈 수록 점점 열대의 모습은 사라진다. Georgia 하면,, 난 가을이 느껴진다. Georgia 에 처음 간 때가 가을이라서 인지는 모르겠지만, Georgia 는 비행기가 아닌 차나 기차로 땅 위로 다닐 땐 가을 분위기가 정말 정말 느껴진다. Georgia 나무들은 봄인데도 가을 같다. 단풍이 안 들었어야 하지만, 내 눈엔 노릿 노릿 울긋 불긋 강하게는 아니어도 얇게나마 단풍이 들어 보인다. 예전에 Atlanta 에 갔던 기억들이 새록 새록 떠오른다. 그 때 Georgia 에서는 어딜 가나 단풍을 만날 수 있었다. 단풍도 그냥 단풍이 아닌 한 잎 한 잎 마다 정성을 드린 작품 같은 단풍 이었다. 아름다운 붉은 단풍색, 누런 은행색, 그리고 갈잎색.. 그러한 색을 느껴본 Georgia 는 아직 나한테 있었다.. highway 를 따라 끝없이 이어지던 가을 단풍.. 아직도 눈에 선하다.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 기차 안에서는 따로 할 것이 없기 때문에 이런 생각도 길게 길게 맘 것 할 수 있다는 장점이 있다. ㅎㅎㅎ 그리고 실은 이것 밖에 할 것이 없으므로 계속 이런 생각만 한다. ㅋㅋㅋ&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 기차를 타고 가다 보니 누런 벌판도 있었다. 한쪽엔 벌판, 한쪽엔 나무가 있는 경우가 많았지만, 양쪽 다 철로를 가운데 두고 벌판이 있는 곳도 있었다. 그렇다고 건너편에 도로가 있는 것도 아니었다. 벌판 한 복판이다. 밖에서 이런 곳을 지나가는 기차를 보면 어떨까? 정말 동화 속 그림 같아 보일 것이다. 질 준비를 하는 5시 태양은 벌판 색체를 더 돋보이게 하였다. 밤에는 보통 기차에서 세어 나가는 빛에 반사되어 보이는 나무들이 보였다. 종종 옆에 찻길도 따라가면 차들의 헤드라이트와 리어라이트가 보였다. 어느 곳엔 간판이 줄줄이 이어진 곳도 있었다. 다들 한가하게 보이기도 했지만, 열차 밖에 있는 일상 생활과 열차 안의 일탈 생활의 경계가 느껴졌다. 그러면서 열차는 고요히 혼자 어둠을 뚫고 가고 있었다.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 라고 그 때 수첩에 썼더랍니다… ^^&lt;/P&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3375258788775543649-1087312133763352595?l=spaceflux-textcube.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://spaceflux-textcube.blogspot.com/feeds/1087312133763352595/comments/default' title='댓글'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://spaceflux-textcube.blogspot.com/2009/07/amtrak-to-dc.html#comment-form' title='0개의 덧글'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3375258788775543649/posts/default/1087312133763352595'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3375258788775543649/posts/default/1087312133763352595'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://spaceflux-textcube.blogspot.com/2009/07/amtrak-to-dc.html' title='Amtrak to DC'/><author><name>nadajim</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16860058226668979333</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3375258788775543649.post-658694354987131778</id><published>2009-07-30T14:00:00.000-04:00</published><updated>2011-01-29T08:25:54.674-05:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='USA Rail Pass'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='기차'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='기차여행'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='플로리다'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='station'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Amtrak'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='기차역'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Travel Bug'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='DC - Boston - NY'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Deland'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='기차표'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='열차여행'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='여행'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='열차'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Florida'/><title type='text'>Deland Amtrak Station</title><content type='html'>&lt;script src='http://ss.textcube.com/service/blog/script/blogger.js' type='text/javascript'&gt;&lt;/script&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;2006 03 18&lt;/STRONG&gt; &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;p id="more-17-0" class="moreless_fold" style="color: #000000; padding: 0 0 0 10px;"&gt;&lt;span style="cursor: pointer;" onclick="if (window.TC$PRIV_toggleMoreLessBlogger != undefined) {TC$PRIV_toggleMoreLessBlogger(this, '17-0','펼쳐두기..','접어두기..'); return false;} else {document.getElementById('content-17-0').style.display='';}"&gt;      펼쳐두기..&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;div id="content-17-0" class="moreless_content" style="display: none; border: 1px dashed #cccccc; background-color: #f3f3f3; margin: 0 10px padding: 5px;"&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;FONT size=4&gt;버스 노치다&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Hilton에 갔더니 버스가 없다. 헠스.. 막 물어 보면서 돌아 다녔다. 힐튼에 일하는 사람도 모른 덴다. 젠장 X 됐다.&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 일단 형님한테 전화 했다. 순간 1-800-USA-RAIL 이 갑자기 생각 났다. 그래서 전화했더니 12시 이후에 Rail Pass 사도 된다고 한다. 다행이다.. &lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 결국 형님이 형 친구들과 오셨다. 그래서 바로 Deland 로 직행! 미안해 죽는 줄 알았다. 여행 첫 박자부터… @@&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;FONT size=5 face=Arial&gt;Deland Amtrack Station&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;HR color=#000000 SIZE=1&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;IFRAME height=400 marginHeight=0 src="http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?msa=0&amp;amp;msid=107054661154851936507.00046f1a6ee932c51b224&amp;amp;ie=UTF8&amp;amp;source=embed&amp;amp;ll=28.574874,-82.485352&amp;amp;spn=7.714386,13.623047&amp;amp;z=6&amp;amp;output=embed" frameBorder=0 width=620 marginWidth=0 scrolling=no&gt; &lt;/IFRAME&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;SMALL&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;View &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; COLOR: #0000ff" href="http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?msa=0&amp;amp;msid=107054661154851936507.00046f1a6ee932c51b224&amp;amp;ie=UTF8&amp;amp;ll=28.574874,-82.485352&amp;amp;spn=7.714386,13.623047&amp;amp;z=6&amp;amp;source=embed"&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Deland Amtrak Station&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; in a larger map&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/SMALL&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;IFRAME height=400 marginHeight=0 src="http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?msa=0&amp;amp;msid=107054661154851936507.00046f1a6ee932c51b224&amp;amp;ie=UTF8&amp;amp;source=embed&amp;amp;ll=28.890374,-81.186218&amp;amp;spn=0.961895,1.702881&amp;amp;z=9&amp;amp;output=embed" frameBorder=0 width=620 marginWidth=0 scrolling=no&gt; &lt;/IFRAME&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;SMALL&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;View &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; COLOR: #0000ff" href="http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?msa=0&amp;amp;msid=107054661154851936507.00046f1a6ee932c51b224&amp;amp;ie=UTF8&amp;amp;ll=28.890374,-81.186218&amp;amp;spn=0.961895,1.702881&amp;amp;z=9&amp;amp;source=embed"&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Deland Amtrak Station&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; in a larger map&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/SMALL&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;DIV style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; DISPLAY: inline; FLOAT: none; PADDING-TOP: 0px" id=scid:84E294D0-71C9-4bd0-A0FE-95764E0368D9:544b8e60-087c-45fc-a495-ec3c4d521412 class=wlWriterEditableSmartContent&gt;&lt;A id=map-e9df1481-71e1-430c-80d7-2931db9dfd37 title="Live.com에서 이 지도를 보려면 클릭" href="http://maps.live.com/default.aspx?v=2&amp;amp;cp=nv2mw486mjq0&amp;amp;lvl=1&amp;amp;style=o&amp;amp;scene=20118258&amp;amp;mkt=en-us&amp;amp;FORM=LLWR" alt="Live.com에서 이 지도를 보려면 클릭"&gt;&lt;img src="http://ss.textcube.com/blog/2/20636/attach/XcWbdUAsxN.jpg" width="618" height="461" /&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href="http://ss.textcube.com/blog/2/20636/attach/XXnvnV00i6.jpg"&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;img src="http://ss.textcube.com/blog/2/20636/attach/XS7jtYzznS.jpg" height="471" /&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href="http://ss.textcube.com/blog/2/20636/attach/XTPwJbDu0G.jpg"&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;img src="http://ss.textcube.com/blog/2/20636/attach/XNjV5nkdJ8.jpg" height="470" /&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href="http://ss.textcube.com/blog/2/20636/attach/XBjneYGbvc.jpg"&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;img src="http://ss.textcube.com/blog/2/20636/attach/XJ020KyGte.jpg" height="470" /&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href="http://ss.textcube.com/blog/2/20636/attach/XIJtP0UKTZ.jpg"&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;img src="http://ss.textcube.com/blog/2/20636/attach/XPGQIHR7c1.jpg" height="470" /&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href="http://ss.textcube.com/blog/2/20636/attach/XRqt6eSLkt.jpg"&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;img src="http://ss.textcube.com/blog/2/20636/attach/XJBZOrQEet.jpg" height="470" /&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href="http://ss.textcube.com/blog/2/20636/attach/XNGQY81gRf.jpg"&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;img src="http://ss.textcube.com/blog/2/20636/attach/XReWQh1N1C.jpg" height="470" /&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href="http://ss.textcube.com/blog/2/20636/attach/XfWAbt3Rts.jpg"&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;img src="http://ss.textcube.com/blog/2/20636/attach/XCFlwM3yzJ.jpg" height="470" /&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href="http://ss.textcube.com/blog/2/20636/attach/XUobXdxukT.jpg"&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;img src="http://ss.textcube.com/blog/2/20636/attach/XTb2w2hZXy.jpg" height="820" /&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href="http://ss.textcube.com/blog/2/20636/attach/XZa0AwCWl3.jpg"&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;img src="http://ss.textcube.com/blog/2/20636/attach/XVGmbfC6mQ.jpg" height="820" /&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href="http://ss.textcube.com/blog/2/20636/attach/XXo0cKEkm7.jpg"&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;img src="http://ss.textcube.com/blog/2/20636/attach/XGM9Xv0iXK.jpg" height="470" /&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href="http://ss.textcube.com/blog/2/20636/attach/XPfpiRRAFr.jpg"&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;img src="http://ss.textcube.com/blog/2/20636/attach/XHeT7iR6G9.jpg" height="470" /&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;p id="more-17-1" class="moreless_fold" style="color: #000000; padding: 0 0 0 10px;"&gt;&lt;span style="cursor: pointer;" onclick="if (window.TC$PRIV_toggleMoreLessBlogger != undefined) {TC$PRIV_toggleMoreLessBlogger(this, '17-1','펼쳐두기..','접어두기..'); return false;} else {document.getElementById('content-17-1').style.display='';}"&gt;      펼쳐두기..&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;div id="content-17-1" class="moreless_content" style="display: none; border: 1px dashed #cccccc; background-color: #f3f3f3; margin: 0 10px padding: 5px;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=4 face=Arial&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;Deland Station&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; US92 타고 죽 와서 조금 헤맸다. 그래도 어제 Google에서 지도 뽑길 잘했다. 그래서 거의 곧장 왔다. 이정표를 따라 갔더니 ……. 엇! 이게 모야!! 이게 역이야?? 할 정도로 무지 작은 역이었다. 상상과는 전혀 달랐다. 역이 하두 오래 되어서 다 해져있고, 페인트도 많이 벗겨졌다.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 표 사러 갔더니 역무원이 나가 있었다. 승강장으로 가보니 승강장이 무지 낮았다. 1 step 정도였다. 승강장엔 벤치 몇 개 있었다.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 때 마침 Orlando 쪽으로 가는 열차가 왔다. 기차가 컸다. 힘도 세보이고.. 승강장이 낮아서인지는 모르겠지만, 바퀴 지름이 많이 커 보였다. 그래서인지 기차가 전체적으로 높았다. 곳곳에 물이 나오는 곳이 있는데, 상상에 맡기는 것이 좋겠다. 기차가 들어올 땐 멀찌감치 떨어져 있는 것이 좋을 듯 하다. 먼지도 엄청 날리기도 하지만 그 뭔지 모를 액체도 튄다.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Amtrak 마크가 Korail 마크하고 엄청 비슷했다. 둘 다 철로를 그린 것인데 같은 구도로 그리니 스트라이프 세 개 딱 똑같다.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 기차가 정지하고 사람들이 내렸다. 역무원이 부친 짐 들을 세 바퀴 달린 카트에 싣고 왔다. 사람들이 표 사는 곳 아래 있는 철문을 통해 짐을 찾았다. 역무원이 돌아오니 5명 정도가 줄을 섰다. 나도 섰다. $210 주고 USA Rail Pass를 샀다. 집으로 돌아갈 표도 샀다. 이건 USA Rail Pass와 따로이다.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 알고 보니 우리 동네에서 Deland 왔다 갔다 하는 버스가 버스가 아니고 택시라고 한다. 그러니까 못 찾지.. 난 그레이하운드처럼 큰 버스인줄 알았다. DOTS도 그러더니 이것도 그럴 줄이야.. 암튼 돌아갈 땐 Cab이 우리 동네에서 와야 하니 기다리기 싫으면 예약하고 사란다. 그래서 샀다. 표 사는 와중에 기차 노치고 차로 따라 잡을 수 있냐는 사람이 왔었다.. 차가 빠르나 기차가 빠르나??&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 형들과 바이 바이 했다. 이젠 진짜 혼자이다. 처음으로 혼자 떠나는 여행, 기대된다.!!!&lt;/P&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;p id="more-17-2" class="moreless_fold" style="color: #000000; padding: 0 0 0 10px;"&gt;&lt;span style="cursor: pointer;" onclick="if (window.TC$PRIV_toggleMoreLessBlogger != undefined) {TC$PRIV_toggleMoreLessBlogger(this, '17-2','펼쳐두기..','접어두기..'); return false;} else {document.getElementById('content-17-2').style.display='';}"&gt;      펼쳐두기..&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;div id="content-17-2" class="moreless_content" style="display: none; border: 1px dashed #cccccc; background-color: #f3f3f3; margin: 0 10px padding: 5px;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;FONT size=4&gt;기차를 올려다 보질 않으면..&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;A href="http://ss.textcube.com/blog/2/20636/attach/XEy78tRQyy.jpg"&gt;&lt;img src="http://ss.textcube.com/blog/2/20636/attach/XRsLhBRclz.jpg" height="470" /&gt;&lt;/A&gt; &lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href="http://ss.textcube.com/blog/2/20636/attach/XXrjuRD6F1.jpg"&gt;&lt;img src="http://ss.textcube.com/blog/2/20636/attach/XO2aPcUWDc.jpg" height="470" /&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/P&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;p id="more-17-3" class="moreless_fold" style="color: #000000; padding: 0 0 0 10px;"&gt;&lt;span style="cursor: pointer;" onclick="if (window.TC$PRIV_toggleMoreLessBlogger != undefined) {TC$PRIV_toggleMoreLessBlogger(this, '17-3','펼쳐두기..','접어두기..'); return false;} else {document.getElementById('content-17-3').style.display='';}"&gt;      펼쳐두기..&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;div id="content-17-3" class="moreless_content" style="display: none; border: 1px dashed #cccccc; background-color: #f3f3f3; margin: 0 10px padding: 5px;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;FONT size=4&gt;기차를 기다리며..&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 아침에 산 자물쇠들을 비밀 번호 맞추었다. 도리토스 하나도 사고, 화장실도 가고, 물도 마셨다. 셀카 연습도 했다. 역 한편에서는 결혼식이 있었다. 이런 역에서도 결혼식을 하네? &lt;/P&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;FONT size=5&gt;Amtrak USA Rail Pass&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt; &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;HR color=#000000 SIZE=1&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href="http://ss.textcube.com/blog/2/20636/attach/XJkMgZ0mj7.jpg"&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;img src="http://ss.textcube.com/blog/2/20636/attach/XaOtAXR9P5.jpg" height="344" /&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;p id="more-17-4" class="moreless_fold" style="color: #000000; padding: 0 0 0 10px;"&gt;&lt;span style="cursor: pointer;" onclick="if (window.TC$PRIV_toggleMoreLessBlogger != undefined) {TC$PRIV_toggleMoreLessBlogger(this, '17-4','펼쳐두기..','접어두기..'); return false;} else {document.getElementById('content-17-4').style.display='';}"&gt;      펼쳐두기..&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;div id="content-17-4" class="moreless_content" style="display: none; border: 1px dashed #cccccc; background-color: #f3f3f3; margin: 0 10px padding: 5px;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;FONT size=4 face=Arial&gt;USA Rail Pass &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 이 표는 외국인에게만 발행이 되는 것이다. 15일간 기본 coach실을 맘대로 사용 할 수 있다. 물론 타기 전에 발권을 하긴 해야 한다. 그리고 사용 할 때, 구입할 때 여권 반드시 필요 하다.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 중부, 서부, 동부, 동북 등 지역에 따라 가격이 다르다. 난 동부 전체가 필요하니 210불 내고 샀다. 7일 권도 있다.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 이거 정말 잘만 사용하면 교통비는 엄청 줄어들게 된다. 시간표 잘 짜면 하루 그냥 기차에서 자도 된다. 난 기차에서 2박을 하게 짰다. 자세한 내용은 Amtrak 홈피에 있다. &lt;A href="http://www.amtrak.com/"&gt;www.amtrak.com&lt;/A&gt; 성수기 비수기 가격 다르다. 난 비수기 요금 냈다. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3375258788775543649-658694354987131778?l=spaceflux-textcube.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://spaceflux-textcube.blogspot.com/feeds/658694354987131778/comments/default' title='댓글'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://spaceflux-textcube.blogspot.com/2009/07/deland-amtrak-station.html#comment-form' title='0개의 덧글'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3375258788775543649/posts/default/658694354987131778'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3375258788775543649/posts/default/658694354987131778'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://spaceflux-textcube.blogspot.com/2009/07/deland-amtrak-station.html' title='Deland Amtrak Station'/><author><name>nadajim</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16860058226668979333</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3375258788775543649.post-8934115310166888662</id><published>2009-07-29T14:00:00.000-04:00</published><updated>2011-01-29T08:25:54.514-05:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='AE522 Composite Material'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='AE Study'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='isotropic material'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='transversely matrial'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='orthotropic material'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='compliance matrix'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='AE522'/><title type='text'>AE522 1.9 Orthotropic, Transversely Isotropic, and Isotropic Materials</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt;이번 포스트에서는 orthotropic material, transversely isotropic material, isotropic material 별로 compliance matrix 가 어떻게 다른지 알아 볼 것이다.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt;On this post, we will discuss about the differences of compliance matrix of orthotropic material, transversely isotropic material, isotropic material.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="center"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\begin{Bmatrix} \epsilon _{1}\\ \epsilon _{2}\\ \epsilon _{3}\\ \gamma _{23}\\ \gamma _{31}\\ \gamma _{12} \end{Bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} s_{11} &amp;amp; s_{12} &amp;amp; s_{12} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ s_{12} &amp;amp; s_{11} &amp;amp; s_{12} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ s_{12} &amp;amp; s_{12} &amp;amp; s_{11} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; s_{44} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; s_{55} &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; s_{66} \end{bmatrix} \begin{Bmatrix} \sigma _{1}\\ \sigma _{2}\\ \sigma _{3}\\ \tau _{23}\\ \tau _{31}\\ \tau _{12} \end{Bmatrix}" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt;&lt;img title="\begin{Bmatrix} \epsilon _{1}\\ \epsilon _{2}\\ \epsilon _{3}\\ \gamma _{23}\\ \gamma _{31}\\ \gamma _{12} \end{Bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} s_{11} &amp;amp; s_{12} &amp;amp; s_{12} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ s_{12} &amp;amp; s_{11} &amp;amp; s_{12} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ s_{12} &amp;amp; s_{12} &amp;amp; s_{11} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; s_{44} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; s_{55} &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; s_{66} \end{bmatrix} \begin{Bmatrix} \sigma _{1}\\ \sigma _{2}\\ \sigma _{3}\\ \tau _{23}\\ \tau _{31}\\ \tau _{12} \end{Bmatrix}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\begin{Bmatrix} \epsilon _{1}\\ \epsilon _{2}\\ \epsilon _{3}\\ \gamma _{23}\\ \gamma _{31}\\ \gamma _{12} \end{Bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} s_{11} &amp;amp; s_{12} &amp;amp; s_{12} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ s_{12} &amp;amp; s_{11} &amp;amp; s_{12} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ s_{12} &amp;amp; s_{12} &amp;amp; s_{11} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; s_{44} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; s_{55} &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; s_{66} \end{bmatrix} \begin{Bmatrix} \sigma _{1}\\ \sigma _{2}\\ \sigma _{3}\\ \tau _{23}\\ \tau _{31}\\ \tau _{12} \end{Bmatrix}"&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt;다시 말하자면, 위의 식에서 지금까지는 s 들이 무엇인지는 몰랐지만, 각 material 종류별로 어떻게 다른 값을 갖게 되는지를 알아 본다는 것이다.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt;So far, we didn't know what is the s, however, we will find how do they are different depend on the type of material in this post.&amp;nbsp; &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt;혹시 matrial 종류에 대해 기억이 잘 안 나시는 분들은 &lt;/font&gt;&lt;a href="http://spaceflux.textcube.com/8" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt;AE522 1.3&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt; 포스트를 다시 보시길 바랍니다.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt;If there is someone who don't remember the types of material, please review the post &lt;a href="http://spaceflux.textcube.com/8" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt;AE522 1.3&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;font size="5" face="Arial"&gt;Orthotropic Material&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt;&lt;hr color="#000000" size="1"&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt;Independent variables : 9&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://spaceflux.textcube.com/11" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt;AE522 1.6&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt; 포스트에서 맨 마지막의 compliance matrix 을 다시 보면, 다음과 같다.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt;Let's check the compliance matrix which was at the end of post &lt;a href="http://spaceflux.textcube.com/11" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt;AE522 1.6&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="center"&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt;&lt;img title="{\color{black} \begin{bmatrix} s_{11} &amp;amp; s_{12} &amp;amp; s_{13} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 \\ s_{12} &amp;amp; s_{22} &amp;amp; s_{23} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 \\ s_{13} &amp;amp; s_{23} &amp;amp; s_{33} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 \\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; s_{44} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; s_{55} &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; s_{66} \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} \frac{1}{E_{1}} &amp;amp; -\frac{\nu _{21}}{E_2} &amp;amp; -\frac{\nu _{31}}{E_3} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 \\ -\frac{\nu _{12}}{E_1} &amp;amp; \frac{1}{E_{2}} &amp;amp; -\frac{\nu _{32}}{E_3} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 \\ -\frac{\nu _{13}}{E_1} &amp;amp; -\frac{\nu _{23}}{E_2} &amp;amp; \frac{1}{E_{3}} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 \\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; \frac{1}{G_{23}} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; \frac{1}{G_{31}} &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; \frac{1}{G_{12}} \end{bmatrix}}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?{\color{black} \begin{bmatrix} s_{11} &amp;amp; s_{12} &amp;amp; s_{13} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 \\ s_{12} &amp;amp; s_{22} &amp;amp; s_{23} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 \\ s_{13} &amp;amp; s_{23} &amp;amp; s_{33} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 \\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; s_{44} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; s_{55} &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; s_{66} \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} \frac{1}{E_{1}} &amp;amp; -\frac{\nu _{21}}{E_2} &amp;amp; -\frac{\nu _{31}}{E_3} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 \\ -\frac{\nu _{12}}{E_1} &amp;amp; \frac{1}{E_{2}} &amp;amp; -\frac{\nu _{32}}{E_3} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 \\ -\frac{\nu _{13}}{E_1} &amp;amp; -\frac{\nu _{23}}{E_2} &amp;amp; \frac{1}{E_{3}} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 \\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; \frac{1}{G_{23}} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; \frac{1}{G_{31}} &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; \frac{1}{G_{12}} \end{bmatrix}}"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt;여기서 보기에는 변수들이 12 개 이다.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt;그러나 &lt;/font&gt;&lt;a href="http://spaceflux.textcube.com/15" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt;AE522 1.8&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt; 포스트에서 유도한 데로 다음을 사용하면,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt;It looks like it has 12 variables.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt;However, as solved in &lt;a href="http://spaceflux.textcube.com/15" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt;AE522 1.8&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;post, if the relation below is used,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="center"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex={\color{black} \frac{\nu_{ij}}{E_{i}}=\frac{\nu_{ji}}{E_{j}}}" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt;&lt;img title="{\color{black} \frac{\nu_{ij}}{E_{i}}=\frac{\nu_{ji}}{E_{j}}}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?{\color{black} \frac{\nu_{ij}}{E_{i}}=\frac{\nu_{ji}}{E_{j}}}"&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt;Compliance matrix 는 다음과 같아지고 변수의 수도 9개로 줄일 수 있다. 실제로는 independent variable 은 9 개만 있는 것이었다.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt;the number of variables of the compliance matrix can be reduced to 9. Actually, the number of indepentent variables are only 9.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="center"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\begin{bmatrix} s_{11} &amp;amp; s_{12} &amp;amp; s_{12} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ s_{12} &amp;amp; s_{11} &amp;amp; s_{12} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ s_{12} &amp;amp; s_{12} &amp;amp; s_{11} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; s_{44} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; s_{55} &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; s_{66} \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} \frac{1}{E_{1}} &amp;amp; -\frac{\nu _{12}}{E_{1}} &amp;amp; -\frac{\nu _{13}}{E_{1}} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ -\frac{\nu _{12}}{E_{1}} &amp;amp; \frac{1}{E_{2}} &amp;amp; -\frac{\nu _{23}}{E_{2}} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ -\frac{\nu _{13}}{E_{1}} &amp;amp; -\frac{\nu _{23}}{E_{2}} &amp;amp; \frac{1}{E_{3}} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; \frac{1}{G_{23}} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; \frac{1}{G_{31}} &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; \frac{1}{G_{12}} \end{bmatrix}" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt;&lt;img title="\begin{bmatrix} s_{11} &amp;amp; s_{12} &amp;amp; s_{12} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ s_{12} &amp;amp; s_{11} &amp;amp; s_{12} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ s_{12} &amp;amp; s_{12} &amp;amp; s_{11} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; s_{44} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; s_{55} &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; s_{66} \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} \frac{1}{E_{1}} &amp;amp; -\frac{\nu _{12}}{E_{1}} &amp;amp; -\frac{\nu _{13}}{E_{1}} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ -\frac{\nu _{12}}{E_{1}} &amp;amp; \frac{1}{E_{2}} &amp;amp; -\frac{\nu _{23}}{E_{2}} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ -\frac{\nu _{13}}{E_{1}} &amp;amp; -\frac{\nu _{23}}{E_{2}} &amp;amp; \frac{1}{E_{3}} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; \frac{1}{G_{23}} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; \frac{1}{G_{31}} &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; \frac{1}{G_{12}} \end{bmatrix}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\begin{bmatrix} s_{11} &amp;amp; s_{12} &amp;amp; s_{12} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ s_{12} &amp;amp; s_{11} &amp;amp; s_{12} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ s_{12} &amp;amp; s_{12} &amp;amp; s_{11} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; s_{44} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; s_{55} &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; s_{66} \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} \frac{1}{E_{1}} &amp;amp; -\frac{\nu _{12}}{E_{1}} &amp;amp; -\frac{\nu _{13}}{E_{1}} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ -\frac{\nu _{12}}{E_{1}} &amp;amp; \frac{1}{E_{2}} &amp;amp; -\frac{\nu _{23}}{E_{2}} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ -\frac{\nu _{13}}{E_{1}} &amp;amp; -\frac{\nu _{23}}{E_{2}} &amp;amp; \frac{1}{E_{3}} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; \frac{1}{G_{23}} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; \frac{1}{G_{31}} &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; \frac{1}{G_{12}} \end{bmatrix}"&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://spaceflux.textcube.com/11" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt;AE522 1.6&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt; 포스트에서 눈치가 빠르신 분은 이미 눈치를 챘겠지만, 왼쪽 행렬의 1행 2열과 2행 1열 모두가 &lt;/font&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=s_{12}" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt;&lt;img title="s_{12}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?s_{12}"&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt; 로 같다.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;font class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial"&gt;If someone who have quick eyes would know already on post &lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Dotum; "&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt;&lt;a href="http://spaceflux.textcube.com/11" target="_blank"&gt;AE522 1.6&lt;/a&gt;, the componets of the matrix at the left side at 1st row 2nd columne and 2nd row 1st columne are smae as &lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Dotum; "&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=s_{12}" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;img title="s_{12}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?s_{12}" style="background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); background-repeat: no-repeat; border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: dashed; border-right-style: dashed; border-bottom-style: dashed; border-left-style: dashed; border-top-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); border-right-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); border-bottom-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); border-left-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); background-position: 50% 50%; "&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;font class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt;하지만, 오른쪽 행렬의 1행 2열과 2행 1열은 각각 &lt;/font&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=-\frac{\nu _{21}}{E_{2}}" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt;&lt;img title="-\frac{\nu _{21}}{E_{2}}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?-\frac{\nu _{21}}{E_{2}}"&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt; 와 &lt;/font&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=-\frac{\nu _{12}}{E_{1}}" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt;&lt;img title="-\frac{\nu _{12}}{E_{1}}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?-\frac{\nu _{12}}{E_{1}}"&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt; 으로 다르다. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;font class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial"&gt;However, on the right side, componets at 1st row 2nd columne and 2nd row 1st columne are different by &lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Dotum; "&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=-\frac{\nu _{21}}{E_{2}}" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;img title="-\frac{\nu _{21}}{E_{2}}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?-\frac{\nu _{21}}{E_{2}}" style="background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); background-repeat: no-repeat; border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: dashed; border-right-style: dashed; border-bottom-style: dashed; border-left-style: dashed; border-top-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); border-right-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); border-bottom-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); border-left-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); background-position: 50% 50%; "&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;and &lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Dotum; "&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=-\frac{\nu _{12}}{E_{1}}" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;img title="-\frac{\nu _{12}}{E_{1}}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?-\frac{\nu _{12}}{E_{1}}" style="background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); background-repeat: no-repeat; border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: dashed; border-right-style: dashed; border-bottom-style: dashed; border-left-style: dashed; border-top-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); border-right-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); border-bottom-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); border-left-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); background-position: 50% 50%; "&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt;이 것만 보더라도 &lt;/font&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex={\color{black} \frac{\nu_{ij}}{E_{i}}=\frac{\nu_{ji}}{E_{j}}}" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt;&lt;img title="{\color{black} \frac{\nu_{ij}}{E_{i}}=\frac{\nu_{ji}}{E_{j}}}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?{\color{black} \frac{\nu_{ij}}{E_{i}}=\frac{\nu_{ji}}{E_{j}}}"&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt; 일 것이라는 것을 유추해 볼 수 있다.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;font class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial"&gt;By this, you might figure it out that they have this relationship; &lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Dotum; "&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex={\color{black} \frac{\nu_{ij}}{E_{i}}=\frac{\nu_{ji}}{E_{j}}}" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt;&lt;img title="{\color{black} \frac{\nu_{ij}}{E_{i}}=\frac{\nu_{ji}}{E_{j}}}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?{\color{black} \frac{\nu_{ij}}{E_{i}}=\frac{\nu_{ji}}{E_{j}}}" style="background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); background-repeat: no-repeat; border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: dashed; border-right-style: dashed; border-bottom-style: dashed; border-left-style: dashed; border-top-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); border-right-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); border-bottom-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); border-left-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); background-position: 50% 50%; "&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt;물론 이렇게 유추하는 것은 결과에서 원인을 유추하는 귀납적 추리긴 하지만 말이다..&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;font class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial"&gt;although, this analogy is reasoned from conclution.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt;결론적으로, orthotropic material 의&amp;nbsp; &lt;/font&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\left [ s \right ]" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt;&lt;img title="\left [ s \right ]" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\left [ s \right ]"&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt; 행렬은 다음과 같다고 할 수 있다.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;font class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial"&gt;Consequently, the &lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Dotum; "&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\left [ s \right ]" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;img title="\left [ s \right ]" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\left [ s \right ]" style="background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); background-repeat: no-repeat; border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: dashed; border-right-style: dashed; border-bottom-style: dashed; border-left-style: dashed; border-top-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); border-right-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); border-bottom-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); border-left-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); background-position: 50% 50%; "&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;matrix of orthotropic material is same as follow.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="center"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex={\color{blue} \left [ s \right ] = \begin{bmatrix} \frac{1}{E_{1}} &amp;amp; -\frac{\nu _{12}}{E_{1}} &amp;amp; -\frac{\nu _{13}}{E_{1}} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ -\frac{\nu _{12}}{E_{1}} &amp;amp; \frac{1}{E_{2}} &amp;amp; -\frac{\nu _{23}}{E_{2}} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ -\frac{\nu _{13}}{E_{1}} &amp;amp; -\frac{\nu _{23}}{E_{2}} &amp;amp; \frac{1}{E_{3}} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; \frac{1}{G_{23}} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; \frac{1}{G_{31}} &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; \frac{1}{G_{12}} \end{bmatrix}}" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt;&lt;img title="{\color{blue} \left [ s \right ] = \begin{bmatrix} \frac{1}{E_{1}} &amp;amp; -\frac{\nu _{12}}{E_{1}} &amp;amp; -\frac{\nu _{13}}{E_{1}} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ -\frac{\nu _{12}}{E_{1}} &amp;amp; \frac{1}{E_{2}} &amp;amp; -\frac{\nu _{23}}{E_{2}} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ -\frac{\nu _{13}}{E_{1}} &amp;amp; -\frac{\nu _{23}}{E_{2}} &amp;amp; \frac{1}{E_{3}} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; \frac{1}{G_{23}} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; \frac{1}{G_{31}} &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; \frac{1}{G_{12}} \end{bmatrix}}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?{\color{blue} \left [ s \right ] = \begin{bmatrix} \frac{1}{E_{1}} &amp;amp; -\frac{\nu _{12}}{E_{1}} &amp;amp; -\frac{\nu _{13}}{E_{1}} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ -\frac{\nu _{12}}{E_{1}} &amp;amp; \frac{1}{E_{2}} &amp;amp; -\frac{\nu _{23}}{E_{2}} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ -\frac{\nu _{13}}{E_{1}} &amp;amp; -\frac{\nu _{23}}{E_{2}} &amp;amp; \frac{1}{E_{3}} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; \frac{1}{G_{23}} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; \frac{1}{G_{31}} &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; \frac{1}{G_{12}} \end{bmatrix}}"&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt;변수는 이렇게 9 가지 이다.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;font class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial"&gt;The independent variables are 9 as below.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="center"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=E_{1}, E_{2}, E_{3}, \nu _{12}, \nu _{13}, \nu _{23}, G_{23}, G_{31}, G_{12}" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt;&lt;img title="E_{1}, E_{2}, E_{3}, \nu _{12}, \nu _{13}, \nu _{23}, G_{23}, G_{31}, G_{12}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?E_{1}, E_{2}, E_{3}, \nu _{12}, \nu _{13}, \nu _{23}, G_{23}, G_{31}, G_{12}"&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt;혹시 stiffness matrix&amp;nbsp; 는 어떤가 알고 싶어하는 분들을 위해 알려드린다면..&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt;식으로 나타내면 많이 복잡하다.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt;그냥 compliance matrix 와 stiffness matrix 는 다음과 같이 역행렬 관계가 된다는 것을 알고, 공학용 계산기나 Matlab 에 수치를 넣고 역행렬을 구하는 것이 속 편하다는 것을 알려드린다.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;font class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial"&gt;If someone want to know what is the stiffness matrix for orthotropic material,,,,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;font class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial"&gt;Let's say.. it's very very very complex.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;font class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial"&gt;Jest remind the relationship between compliance matrix and stiffness matrix is inverse matrix to each other, and plug in to engineering calculator or Matlab.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="center"&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt;&lt;img title="\left [ s \right ]=\left [ c \right ]^{-1}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\left [ s \right ]=\left [ c \right ]^{-1}"&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt;이런 이유 때문인지, 거의 대부분의 경우 stiffness matrix 보다는 compliance matrix 를 주로 사용한다.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;font class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial"&gt;Because of this reason, in most of the cases, people use compliance matrix rather then stiffness matrix.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;font size="5" face="Arial"&gt;Transversely Isotropic Material&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt;&lt;hr color="#000000" size="1"&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt;Independent variables : 5&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt;Transversely isotropic material 은 한면에 대해서는 어느 방향으로나 material property 가 같은 셈인 material 이라고 했다.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt;만약 2-3 plane 에 대해서 그렇다고 하면, 다음과 같은 조건들이 만족된다.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;font class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial"&gt;We already said that the transversely isotropic materials have same material property to every direction for one plane.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;font class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial"&gt;If a material do so for 2-3 plane, it satisfy the followings.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="center"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=E_{2}=E_{3}" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt;&lt;img title="E_{2}=E_{3}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?E_{2}=E_{3}"&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="center"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="center"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\nu _{12}=\nu _{13}" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt;&lt;img title="\nu _{12}=\nu _{13}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\nu _{12}=\nu _{13}"&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="center"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="center"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\nu _{23}=\nu _{32}" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt;&lt;img title="\nu _{23}=\nu _{32}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\nu _{23}=\nu _{32}"&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="center"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="center"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=G _{12}=G _{31}" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt;&lt;img title="G _{12}=G _{31}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?G _{12}=G _{31}"&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="center"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="center"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=G _{23}=\frac{E_{2}}{2(1@plus;\nu _{23})}" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt;&lt;img title="G _{23}=\frac{E_{2}}{2(1+\nu _{23})}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?G _{23}=\frac{E_{2}}{2(1+\nu _{23})}"&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt;말하자면, 2-3 plane 에 대해서 정의 그대로 isotropic matrial 로 만들어준 것이다.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt;이 조건들을 orthotropic matrial 의 compliance matrix 에 대입을 해주면 다음과 같은 transversely isotropic material 의 compliance matrix 를 만들 수 있다.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;font class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial"&gt;As the definition of transversely isotropic materials, it is isotropic matrial for 2-3 plane.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;font class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial"&gt;If these conditions are pluged in to the compliance matrix of orthotropic matrial, the compliance matrix of transversely isotropic material can be obtained as below.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="center"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex={\color{blue} \left [ s \right ]= \begin{bmatrix} \frac{1}{E_{1}} &amp;amp; -\frac{\nu _{12}}{E_{1}} &amp;amp; -\frac{\nu _{12}}{E_{1}} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ -\frac{\nu _{12}}{E_{1}} &amp;amp; \frac{1}{E_{2}} &amp;amp; -\frac{\nu _{23}}{E_{2}} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ -\frac{\nu _{12}}{E_{1}} &amp;amp; -\frac{\nu _{23}}{E_{2}} &amp;amp; \frac{1}{E_{2}} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; \frac{2(1@plus;\nu _{23})}{E_{2}} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; \frac{1}{G_{12}} &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; \frac{1}{G_{12}} \end{bmatrix}}" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt;&lt;img title="{\color{blue} \left [ s \right ]= \begin{bmatrix} \frac{1}{E_{1}} &amp;amp; -\frac{\nu _{12}}{E_{1}} &amp;amp; -\frac{\nu _{12}}{E_{1}} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ -\frac{\nu _{12}}{E_{1}} &amp;amp; \frac{1}{E_{2}} &amp;amp; -\frac{\nu _{23}}{E_{2}} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ -\frac{\nu _{12}}{E_{1}} &amp;amp; -\frac{\nu _{23}}{E_{2}} &amp;amp; \frac{1}{E_{2}} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; \frac{2(1+\nu _{23})}{E_{2}} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; \frac{1}{G_{12}} &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; \frac{1}{G_{12}} \end{bmatrix}}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?{\color{blue} \left [ s \right ]= \begin{bmatrix} \frac{1}{E_{1}} &amp;amp; -\frac{\nu _{12}}{E_{1}} &amp;amp; -\frac{\nu _{12}}{E_{1}} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ -\frac{\nu _{12}}{E_{1}} &amp;amp; \frac{1}{E_{2}} &amp;amp; -\frac{\nu _{23}}{E_{2}} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ -\frac{\nu _{12}}{E_{1}} &amp;amp; -\frac{\nu _{23}}{E_{2}} &amp;amp; \frac{1}{E_{2}} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; \frac{2(1+\nu _{23})}{E_{2}} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; \frac{1}{G_{12}} &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; \frac{1}{G_{12}} \end{bmatrix}}"&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt;변수는 다음과 같이 5 개 이다.&lt;br /&gt;Followings are the 5 independent variables of transversely isotropic material. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="center"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=E_{1}, E_{2}, \nu _{12}, \nu _{23}, G_{12}" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt;&lt;img title="E_{1}, E_{2}, \nu _{12}, \nu _{23}, G_{12}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?E_{1}, E_{2}, \nu _{12}, \nu _{23}, G_{12}"&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;font size="5" face="Arial"&gt;Isotropic Material&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt;&lt;hr color="#000000" size="1"&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt;Independent variables : 2&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt;Isotropic material 은 모든 방향으로 material property 가 같다.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;font class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial"&gt;Isotropic materials have the same material propery for every direction.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;font class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt;이런 material 은&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;font class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial"&gt;This type of materials have&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt;모든 방향의 &lt;/font&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=E" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt;&lt;img title="E" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?E"&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt; 가 같고, &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;font class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial"&gt;same &lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Dotum; "&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=E" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;img title="E" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?E" style="background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); background-repeat: no-repeat; border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: dashed; border-right-style: dashed; border-bottom-style: dashed; border-left-style: dashed; border-top-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); border-right-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); border-bottom-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); border-left-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); background-position: 50% 50%; "&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;for every direction,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt;모든 방향의 &lt;/font&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\nu" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt;&lt;img title="\nu" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\nu"&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt; 가 같고,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;font class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial"&gt;same &lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Dotum; "&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\nu" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;img title="\nu" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\nu" style="background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); background-repeat: no-repeat; border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: dashed; border-right-style: dashed; border-bottom-style: dashed; border-left-style: dashed; border-top-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); border-right-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); border-bottom-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); border-left-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); background-position: 50% 50%; "&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;for every direction,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt;모든 방향의 &lt;/font&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=G" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt;&lt;img title="G" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?G"&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt; 가 &lt;/font&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=G=\frac{E}{2(1@plus;\nu )}" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt;&lt;img title="G=\frac{E}{2(1+\nu )}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?G=\frac{E}{2(1+\nu )}"&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt; 이다.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;font class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial"&gt;and same &lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Dotum; "&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=G" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;img title="G" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?G" style="background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); background-repeat: no-repeat; border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: dashed; border-right-style: dashed; border-bottom-style: dashed; border-left-style: dashed; border-top-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); border-right-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); border-bottom-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); border-left-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); background-position: 50% 50%; "&gt;&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt;&amp;nbsp;which is &lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Dotum; "&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=G=\frac{E}{2(1@plus;\nu )}" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;img title="G=\frac{E}{2(1+\nu )}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?G=\frac{E}{2(1+\nu )}" style="background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); background-repeat: no-repeat; border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: dashed; border-right-style: dashed; border-bottom-style: dashed; border-left-style: dashed; border-top-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); border-right-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); border-bottom-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); border-left-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); background-position: 50% 50%; "&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, for every direction. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt;그래서 isotropic material 의 compliance matrix 는 다음과 같다.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;font class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial"&gt;Finally, the compliacne matrix of isotropic material is same as follow.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="center"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex={\color{blue} \left [ s \right ]= \begin{bmatrix} \frac{1}{E} &amp;amp; -\frac{\nu}{E} &amp;amp; -\frac{\nu}{E} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ -\frac{\nu}{E} &amp;amp; \frac{1}{E} &amp;amp; -\frac{\nu}{E} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ -\frac{\nu}{E} &amp;amp; -\frac{\nu}{E} &amp;amp; \frac{1}{E} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; \frac{2(1@plus;\nu)}{E} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; \frac{2(1@plus;\nu)}{E} &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; \frac{2(1@plus;\nu)}{E} \end{bmatrix}}" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt;&lt;img title="{\color{blue} \left [ s \right ]= \begin{bmatrix} \frac{1}{E} &amp;amp; -\frac{\nu}{E} &amp;amp; -\frac{\nu}{E} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ -\frac{\nu}{E} &amp;amp; \frac{1}{E} &amp;amp; -\frac{\nu}{E} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ -\frac{\nu}{E} &amp;amp; -\frac{\nu}{E} &amp;amp; \frac{1}{E} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; \frac{2(1+\nu)}{E} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; \frac{2(1+\nu)}{E} &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; \frac{2(1+\nu)}{E} \end{bmatrix}}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?{\color{blue} \left [ s \right ]= \begin{bmatrix} \frac{1}{E} &amp;amp; -\frac{\nu}{E} &amp;amp; -\frac{\nu}{E} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ -\frac{\nu}{E} &amp;amp; \frac{1}{E} &amp;amp; -\frac{\nu}{E} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ -\frac{\nu}{E} &amp;amp; -\frac{\nu}{E} &amp;amp; \frac{1}{E} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; \frac{2(1+\nu)}{E} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; \frac{2(1+\nu)}{E} &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; \frac{2(1+\nu)}{E} \end{bmatrix}}"&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt;변수는 단지 다음의 2 가지 뿐 이다.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;font class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial"&gt;There is only 2 independent variables.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="center"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=E, \nu" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt;&lt;img title="E, \nu" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?E, \nu"&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face="Arial"&gt;이렇게 각 material 별 compliance matrix 가 무엇인 지 알았으니, 변수만 알고 있다면 대입하여 쓰면 된다.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;font class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial"&gt;Now, we know about the components of compliance matrix for each materials. What we need to do is just plug in data.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3375258788775543649-8934115310166888662?l=spaceflux-textcube.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://spaceflux-textcube.blogspot.com/feeds/8934115310166888662/comments/default' title='댓글'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://spaceflux-textcube.blogspot.com/2009/07/ae522-19-orthotropic-transversely.html#comment-form' title='0개의 덧글'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3375258788775543649/posts/default/8934115310166888662'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3375258788775543649/posts/default/8934115310166888662'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://spaceflux-textcube.blogspot.com/2009/07/ae522-19-orthotropic-transversely.html' title='AE522 1.9 Orthotropic, Transversely Isotropic, and Isotropic Materials'/><author><name>nadajim</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16860058226668979333</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3375258788775543649.post-1980928206195350568</id><published>2009-07-28T14:00:00.000-04:00</published><updated>2011-01-29T08:25:54.441-05:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='AE522 Composite Material'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Poisson&apos;s ratio'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='AE Study'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='work'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Maxwell Reciprocal Theorem'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='AE522'/><title type='text'>AE522 1.8 Relationship of v_12 and v_21</title><content type='html'>&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href="http://spaceflux.textcube.com/14" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;AE522 2.7&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; 에서 배운 Maxwell Reciprocal Theorem 을 사용하여 Poisson’s ratio &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\nu _{12}"&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title="\nu _{12}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\nu _{12}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; 와 &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\nu _{21}"&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title="\nu _{21}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\nu _{21}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; 가 어떤 관계를 갖는지 알아보자.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Using Maxwell Reciprocal Theorem that we learned in &lt;A href="http://spaceflux.textcube.com/14" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;AE522 2.7&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; let's find the relation of Poisson’s ratio &lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\nu _{12}"&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title="\nu _{12}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\nu _{12}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&amp;nbsp;and &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\nu _{21}"&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title="\nu _{21}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\nu _{21}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; .&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&lt;A href="http://ss.textcube.com/blog/2/20636/attach/XBhDsvUjlI.png"&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;img src="http://ss.textcube.com/blog/2/20636/attach/XRtvuvBEhM.png" height="208" /&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;위와 같은 dimesion (치수) 과 stress 를 받는 cube 를 생각해보자.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Let's discuss about the cube which has the dimensions and applied stresses as above.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&lt;A href="http://ss.textcube.com/blog/2/20636/attach/XcSZsA1NWi.png"&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;img src="http://ss.textcube.com/blog/2/20636/attach/XDTGXB3I96.png" height="215" /&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;위의 그림은 1-2 plane 에서 본 그림이다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;The figure shown above is the plane seen from 1-2 plane.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Maxwell reciprocal theorem 에서처럼 따로 따로 차례 대로 stress 를 작용해보겠다. &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Let's apply the loads step by step as Maxwell reciprocal theorem.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;먼저 &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\sigma _{2}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title="\sigma _{2}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\sigma _{2}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; 를 apply 한다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;First apply &lt;IMG title="\sigma _{2}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\sigma _{2}"&gt;&amp;nbsp;.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;그 다음 &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\sigma _{1}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title="\sigma _{1}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\sigma _{1}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; 을 작용하면, &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\delta \Delta _{2}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title="\delta \Delta _{2}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\delta \Delta _{2}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; 만큼의 deformation (변형) 이 일어난다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Than if the &lt;IMG title="\sigma _{1}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\sigma _{1}"&gt;&amp;nbsp;applied, there will be the deformation of &lt;IMG title="\delta \Delta _{2}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\delta \Delta _{2}"&gt;.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\delta \Delta _{2}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title="\delta \Delta _{2}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\delta \Delta _{2}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; 은 다음과 같은 표현으로 바꿔 줄 수 있다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;IMG title="\delta \Delta _{2}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\delta \Delta _{2}"&gt;&amp;nbsp;can be rewritten as follow.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\delta \Delta _{2}=\varepsilon _{2}\Delta _{2}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title="\delta \Delta _{2}=\varepsilon _{2}\Delta _{2}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\delta \Delta _{2}=\varepsilon _{2}\Delta _{2}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex==-\nu _{12}\varepsilon _{1}\Delta _{2}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title="=-\nu _{12}\varepsilon _{1}\Delta _{2}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?=-\nu _{12}\varepsilon _{1}\Delta _{2}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex==-\nu _{12}\frac{\sigma _{1}}{E_{1}}\Delta _{2}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title="=-\nu _{12}\frac{\sigma _{1}}{E_{1}}\Delta _{2}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?=-\nu _{12}\frac{\sigma _{1}}{E_{1}}\Delta _{2}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;위의 식 전개는 Poisson’s ratio 의 정의와 stress strain relation 을 사용한 것이다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;혹시 기역이 안 나신다면, &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://spaceflux.textcube.com/8" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;AE522 1.3&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; 포스트를 다시 복습하길 바래요.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;The equation is solved using the definition of Poisson’s ratio and stress strain relation.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;If there is someone who doesn't remember, plaese review the &lt;A href="http://spaceflux.textcube.com/8" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;AE522 1.3&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&amp;nbsp;post.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;이제 이걸 Maxwell reciprocal theorem 의 공식에 대입해보자.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Now, let's plug in to the equation of Maxwell reciprocal theorem.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &lt;IMG title="w_{2/1}=F_{2}\delta \Delta _{2}=(\sigma _{2}\Delta _{1}\Delta _{3})(-\nu _{12}\frac{\sigma _{1}}{E_{1}}\Delta _{2})" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?w_{2/1}=F_{2}\delta \Delta _{2}=(\sigma _{2}\Delta _{1}\Delta _{3})(-\nu _{12}\frac{\sigma _{1}}{E_{1}}\Delta _{2})"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex==-\nu _{12}\frac{1}{E_{1}}\sigma _{1}\sigma _{2}\Delta _{1}\Delta _{2}\Delta _{3}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title="=-\nu _{12}\frac{1}{E_{1}}\sigma _{1}\sigma _{2}\Delta _{1}\Delta _{2}\Delta _{3}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?=-\nu _{12}\frac{1}{E_{1}}\sigma _{1}\sigma _{2}\Delta _{1}\Delta _{2}\Delta _{3}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=F_{2}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title=F_{2} src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?F_{2}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; 는 force 이다. Force 는 area (면적) * stress (응력) 와 같으므로 stress &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\sigma _{2}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title="\sigma _{2}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\sigma _{2}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; 와 area &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\Delta _{1}\Delta _{3}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title="\Delta _{1}\Delta _{3}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\Delta _{1}\Delta _{3}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; 을 곱한 것이다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;맨 위의 그림을 참고하면 이해가 쉽게 될 것이다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\delta \Delta _{2}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title="\delta \Delta _{2}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\delta \Delta _{2}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; 는 그대로&amp;nbsp; &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=-\nu _{12}\frac{\sigma _{1}}{E_{1}}\Delta _{2}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title="-\nu _{12}\frac{\sigma _{1}}{E_{1}}\Delta _{2}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?-\nu _{12}\frac{\sigma _{1}}{E_{1}}\Delta _{2}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; 을 대입 했다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title=F_{2} src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?F_{2}"&gt;&amp;nbsp;is force. Because, the force is same as area times stress, it is same as stress &lt;IMG title="\sigma _{2}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\sigma _{2}"&gt;&amp;nbsp;times area &lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\Delta _{1}\Delta _{3}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title="\Delta _{1}\Delta _{3}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\Delta _{1}\Delta _{3}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; .&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;You can understand it easily using the figure at the top of this post.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;이번에는 같은 과정을 꺼꾸로 해보자.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Now, let's try same process to opposite way.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&lt;A href="http://ss.textcube.com/blog/2/20636/attach/XH5ZhziuVB.png"&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;img src="http://ss.textcube.com/blog/2/20636/attach/XJpENDHCxR.png" height="233" /&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;먼저 &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\sigma _{1}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title="\sigma _{1}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\sigma _{1}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; 를 apply 한다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;그 다음 &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\sigma _{2}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title="\sigma _{2}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\sigma _{2}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; 을 작용하면, &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\delta \Delta _{1}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title="\delta \Delta _{1}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\delta \Delta _{1}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; 만큼의 deformation (변형) 이 일어난다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\delta \Delta _{1}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title="\delta \Delta _{1}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\delta \Delta _{1}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; 은 다음과 같은 표현으로 바꿔 줄 수 있다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;First, apply &lt;IMG title="\sigma _{1}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\sigma _{1}"&gt;.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Than, if the stress &lt;IMG title="\sigma _{2}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\sigma _{2}"&gt;&amp;nbsp;is applied, there will be deformation &lt;IMG title="\delta \Delta _{1}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\delta \Delta _{1}"&gt;&amp;nbsp;.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title="\delta \Delta _{1}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\delta \Delta _{1}"&gt;&amp;nbsp;can be expressed as follow.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\delta \Delta _{1}=\varepsilon _{1}\Delta _{1}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title="\delta \Delta _{1}=\varepsilon _{1}\Delta _{1}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\delta \Delta _{1}=\varepsilon _{1}\Delta _{1}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex==-\nu _{21}\varepsilon _{2}\Delta _{1}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title="=-\nu _{21}\varepsilon _{2}\Delta _{1}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?=-\nu _{21}\varepsilon _{2}\Delta _{1}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex==-\nu _{21}\frac{\sigma _{2}}{E_{2}}\Delta _{1}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title="=-\nu _{21}\frac{\sigma _{2}}{E_{2}}\Delta _{1}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?=-\nu _{21}\frac{\sigma _{2}}{E_{2}}\Delta _{1}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;이제 이걸 Maxwell reciprocal theorem 의 공식에 대입해보자.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Now lets plug in to the equation of&amp;nbsp; Maxwell reciprocal theorem.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=w_{1/2}=F_{1}\delta \Delta _{1}=(\sigma _{1}\Delta _{2}\Delta _{3})(-\nu _{21}\frac{\sigma _{2}}{E_{2}}\Delta _{1})" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title="w_{1/2}=F_{1}\delta \Delta _{1}=(\sigma _{1}\Delta _{2}\Delta _{3})(-\nu _{21}\frac{\sigma _{2}}{E_{2}}\Delta _{1})" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?w_{1/2}=F_{1}\delta \Delta _{1}=(\sigma _{1}\Delta _{2}\Delta _{3})(-\nu _{21}\frac{\sigma _{2}}{E_{2}}\Delta _{1})"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex==-\nu _{21}\frac{1}{E_{2}}\sigma _{1}\sigma _{2}\Delta _{1}\Delta _{2}\Delta _{3}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title="=-\nu _{21}\frac{1}{E_{2}}\sigma _{1}\sigma _{2}\Delta _{1}\Delta _{2}\Delta _{3}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?=-\nu _{21}\frac{1}{E_{2}}\sigma _{1}\sigma _{2}\Delta _{1}\Delta _{2}\Delta _{3}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;그럼 두 가지 방법으로 cube 를 변형시키더라도, 한 일은 같으므로 다음과 같은 관계가 성립 한다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Although we deformed the cube using two different process, following relationship can be satisfied, because the work done is still same.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=w_{2/1}=w_{1/2}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title=w_{2/1}=w_{1/2} src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?w_{2/1}=w_{1/2}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=-\nu _{12}\frac{1}{E_{1}}\sigma _{1}\sigma _{2}\Delta _{1}\Delta _{2}\Delta _{3}=-\nu _{21}\frac{1}{E_{2}}\sigma _{1}\sigma _{2}\Delta _{1}\Delta _{2}\Delta _{3}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title="-\nu _{12}\frac{1}{E_{1}}\sigma _{1}\sigma _{2}\Delta _{1}\Delta _{2}\Delta _{3}=-\nu _{21}\frac{1}{E_{2}}\sigma _{1}\sigma _{2}\Delta _{1}\Delta _{2}\Delta _{3}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?-\nu _{12}\frac{1}{E_{1}}\sigma _{1}\sigma _{2}\Delta _{1}\Delta _{2}\Delta _{3}=-\nu _{21}\frac{1}{E_{2}}\sigma _{1}\sigma _{2}\Delta _{1}\Delta _{2}\Delta _{3}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\frac{\nu _{12}}{E_{1}}=\frac{\nu _{21}}{E_{2}}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title="\frac{\nu _{12}}{E_{1}}=\frac{\nu _{21}}{E_{2}}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\frac{\nu _{12}}{E_{1}}=\frac{\nu _{21}}{E_{2}}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href="http://spaceflux.textcube.com/11" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;AE522 1.6&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; 포스트에서 &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;We said that there is following relationship in &lt;A href="http://spaceflux.textcube.com/11" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;AE522 1.6&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&amp;nbsp;post.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title="\nu _{ij}\neq \nu _{ji}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\nu _{ij}\neq \nu _{ji}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;이라고 했는데, 위와 같은 관계가 있기 때문에 그런 것이었다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;And that is because that there is the relationship that we have solved in this post.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;일반화를 하면, 다음과 같은 관계를 갖는다고 표현 할 수 있다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;If we normalize it, we can say that there is the relationship as follow.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex={\color{blue} \frac{\nu_{ij}}{E_{i}}=\frac{\nu_{ji}}{E_{j}}}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title="{\color{blue} \frac{\nu_{ij}}{E_{i}}=\frac{\nu_{ji}}{E_{j}}}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?{\color{blue} \frac{\nu_{ij}}{E_{i}}=\frac{\nu_{ji}}{E_{j}}}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\sigma _{1}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title="\sigma _{1}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\sigma _{1}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; 와 &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\sigma _{2}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title="\sigma _{2}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\sigma _{2}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; 뿐만 아니라 &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\sigma _{2}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title="\sigma _{2}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\sigma _{2}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; 와 &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\sigma _{3}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title="\sigma _{3}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\sigma _{3}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; 그리고 &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\sigma _{3}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title="\sigma _{3}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\sigma _{3}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; 와 &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\sigma _{1}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title="\sigma _{1}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\sigma _{1}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; 의 관계를 위와 같은 방법으로 유도 해도 같은 결과를 가져온다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Not only &lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\sigma _{1}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title="\sigma _{1}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\sigma _{1}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&amp;nbsp;, &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\sigma _{2}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title="\sigma _{2}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\sigma _{2}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&amp;nbsp;but also &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\sigma _{2}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title="\sigma _{2}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\sigma _{2}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&amp;nbsp;, &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\sigma _{3}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title="\sigma _{3}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\sigma _{3}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&amp;nbsp;and &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\sigma _{3}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title="\sigma _{3}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\sigma _{3}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&amp;nbsp;, &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\sigma _{1}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title="\sigma _{1}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\sigma _{1}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; have same relationship and they can be found using same solution.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3375258788775543649-1980928206195350568?l=spaceflux-textcube.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://spaceflux-textcube.blogspot.com/feeds/1980928206195350568/comments/default' title='댓글'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://spaceflux-textcube.blogspot.com/2009/07/ae522-18-relationship-of-v12-and-v21.html#comment-form' title='0개의 덧글'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3375258788775543649/posts/default/1980928206195350568'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3375258788775543649/posts/default/1980928206195350568'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://spaceflux-textcube.blogspot.com/2009/07/ae522-18-relationship-of-v12-and-v21.html' title='AE522 1.8 Relationship of v_12 and v_21'/><author><name>nadajim</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16860058226668979333</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3375258788775543649.post-3041769562661186688</id><published>2009-07-27T14:00:00.000-04:00</published><updated>2011-01-29T08:25:54.385-05:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='AE522 Composite Material'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Poisson&apos;s ratio'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='AE Study'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='work'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Maxwell Reciprocal Theorem'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='AE522'/><title type='text'>AE522 1.7 Maxwell Reciprocal Theorem</title><content type='html'>&lt;P align=left&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;이전 포스트에서는 Poisson’s ratio &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\nu _{12}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title="\nu _{12}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\nu _{12}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; 와 &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\nu _{21}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title="\nu _{21}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\nu _{21}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; 가 어떻게 다르고 어떤 관계를 갖는 알아보겠다고 했다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P align=left&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;On last post, I said that we will discuss about the difference of &amp;nbsp;Poisson’s ratio &lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\nu _{12}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title="\nu _{12}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\nu _{12}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&amp;nbsp;and &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\nu _{21}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title="\nu _{21}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\nu _{21}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;하지만, 그전에 두 Poisson’s ratio 가 어떻게 다른지 알아 낼 수 있게 하는 도구 하나를 소개하겠다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Maxwell Reciprocal Theorem 이 그 도구가 되겠다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;이론 이라 하니 머리가 좀 아플 듯 하지만, 결론은 우리가 중학교 시절에 배운 force (힘) * distance (변위) 는 work (일) 라는 것이다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;다음 그림을 살펴 보자.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;However, before we discuss about difference of the two Poisson’s ratio, I will introduce a method which can find the difference of them.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;The method is Maxwell Reciprocal Theorem.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;The theory looks like to make us headache, but the conclusion is that work is force times distance, which we already learned in middle school.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Let check the figure below.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&lt;A href="http://ss.textcube.com/blog/2/20636/attach/XaW5b1X6LV.png"&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;img src="http://ss.textcube.com/blog/2/20636/attach/XMBIXuUByA.png" height="306" /&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;이상한 형체라서 뭘 말하고 싶은지 모르겠다..;;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;여기서는 형체가 중요한 것이 아니다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;It hard to understand what the figure want to say because of strange shape.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;It this case, the shape is not big deal.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;일단 2 set 의 load (외력) 가 있다고 하자.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Let's say there is 2 sets of load.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\overrightarrow{P_{1}} , \overrightarrow{P_{2}} , \overrightarrow{P_{3}} , \cdots , \overrightarrow{P_{M}}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title="\overrightarrow{P_{1}} , \overrightarrow{P_{2}} , \overrightarrow{P_{3}} , \cdots , \overrightarrow{P_{M}}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\overrightarrow{P_{1}} , \overrightarrow{P_{2}} , \overrightarrow{P_{3}} , \cdots , \overrightarrow{P_{M}}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 또는 &amp;nbsp; &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\overrightarrow{P_{m}}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title=\overrightarrow{P_{m}} src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\overrightarrow{P_{m}}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&amp;nbsp; where&amp;nbsp; m = 1, 2, 3, … , M&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\overrightarrow{p_{1}} , \overrightarrow{p_{2}} , \overrightarrow{p_{3}} , \cdots , \overrightarrow{p_{N}}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title="\overrightarrow{p_{1}} , \overrightarrow{p_{2}} , \overrightarrow{p_{3}} , \cdots , \overrightarrow{p_{N}}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\overrightarrow{p_{1}} , \overrightarrow{p_{2}} , \overrightarrow{p_{3}} , \cdots , \overrightarrow{p_{N}}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 또는 &amp;nbsp; &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\overrightarrow{p_{n}}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title=\overrightarrow{p_{n}} src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\overrightarrow{p_{n}}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&amp;nbsp; where&amp;nbsp; n = 1, 2, 3, … , N&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;먼저 &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\overrightarrow{P_{m}}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title=\overrightarrow{P_{m}} src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\overrightarrow{P_{m}}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; 들을 apply 하고 (작용시키고), 그 다음 &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\overrightarrow{p_{n}}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title=\overrightarrow{p_{n}} src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\overrightarrow{p_{n}}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; 들을 apply 한다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;그러면 &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\overrightarrow{p_{n}}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title=\overrightarrow{p_{n}} src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\overrightarrow{p_{n}}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; 때문에 &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\overrightarrow{P_{m}}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title=\overrightarrow{P_{m}} src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\overrightarrow{P_{m}}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; 만 apply 되던 물체의 형체는 변형이 될 것이고, 그 물체의 각 입자들의 위치가 이동하게 될 텐데, 그 움직인 변위를 &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\overrightarrow{d_{m}}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title=\overrightarrow{d_{m}} src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\overrightarrow{d_{m}}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; 라고 하자.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;여기서 &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\overrightarrow{d_{m}}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title=\overrightarrow{d_{m}} src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\overrightarrow{d_{m}}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; 역시 m = 1, 2, 3, … , M 이다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;그러면, 여기서 &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\overrightarrow{p_{n}}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title=\overrightarrow{p_{n}} src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\overrightarrow{p_{n}}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; 들 때문에 &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\overrightarrow{P_{m}}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title=\overrightarrow{P_{m}} src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\overrightarrow{P_{m}}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; 들이 더 하게 된 일을 모두다 합친 것을 다음과 같이 표현 할 수 있다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Apply the &lt;IMG title=\overrightarrow{P_{m}} src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\overrightarrow{P_{m}}"&gt;&amp;nbsp;first, next apply &lt;IMG title=\overrightarrow{p_{n}} src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\overrightarrow{p_{n}}"&gt;.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Than, the shape of the body which is applied &lt;IMG title=\overrightarrow{P_{m}} src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\overrightarrow{P_{m}}"&gt;&amp;nbsp;only first will be deformed due to &lt;IMG title=\overrightarrow{p_{n}} src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\overrightarrow{p_{n}}"&gt;, and the location of each particle of the body will move. Let's say the distance as &lt;IMG title=\overrightarrow{d_{m}} src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\overrightarrow{d_{m}}"&gt;.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;In this case, m of &lt;IMG title=\overrightarrow{d_{m}} src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\overrightarrow{d_{m}}"&gt;&amp;nbsp;is m = 1, 2, 3, … , M either.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Than the summation of work done by &lt;IMG title=\overrightarrow{P_{m}} src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\overrightarrow{P_{m}}"&gt;&amp;nbsp;due to &lt;IMG title=\overrightarrow{p_{n}} src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\overrightarrow{p_{n}}"&gt;&amp;nbsp;can be expressed as follow.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=w_{P/p}=\sum_{m=1}^{M}\overrightarrow{P_{m}}\cdot \overrightarrow{d_{m}}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG style="DISPLAY: block; FLOAT: none; MARGIN-LEFT: auto; MARGIN-RIGHT: auto" title="w_{P/p}=\sum_{m=1}^{M}\overrightarrow{P_{m}}\cdot \overrightarrow{d_{m}}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?w_{P/p}=\sum_{m=1}^{M}\overrightarrow{P_{m}}\cdot \overrightarrow{d_{m}}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;결론은 위에서 말했듯이 force (힘) * distance (변위) 는 work (일) 를 다 합친 것이다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;여기서는 두 vector 를 dot product 를 한다는 것을 잊지 말자.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;The conclusion is, as we said above, that summation of work is force times distance.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;This this case, the dot product is used for the two vectors.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;이번엔 꺼꾸로 해보자.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Now, let's try in backward.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;먼저 &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\overrightarrow{p_{n}}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title=\overrightarrow{p_{n}} src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\overrightarrow{p_{n}}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; 들을 apply 하고 (작용시키고), 그 다음 &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\overrightarrow{P_{m}}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title=\overrightarrow{P_{m}} src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\overrightarrow{P_{m}}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; 들을 apply 한다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;그러면 &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\overrightarrow{P_{m}}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title=\overrightarrow{P_{m}} src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\overrightarrow{P_{m}}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; 때문에 &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\overrightarrow{p_{n}}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title=\overrightarrow{p_{n}} src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\overrightarrow{p_{n}}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; 만 apply 되던 물체의 형체는 변형이 될 것이고, 그 물체의 각 입자들의 위치가 이동하게 될 텐데, 그 움직인 변위를 &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\overrightarrow{d_{n}}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title=\overrightarrow{d_{n}} src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\overrightarrow{d_{n}}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; 라고 하자.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;여기서 &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\overrightarrow{d_{n}}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title=\overrightarrow{d_{n}} src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\overrightarrow{d_{n}}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; 역시 n = 1, 2, 3, … , N 이다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;그러면, 여기서 &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\overrightarrow{P_{m}}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title=\overrightarrow{P_{m}} src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\overrightarrow{P_{m}}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; 들 때문에 &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\overrightarrow{p_{n}}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title=\overrightarrow{p_{n}} src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\overrightarrow{p_{n}}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; 들이 더 하게 된 일을 모두다 합친 것을 다음과 같이 표현 할 수 있다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Apply the &lt;IMG title=\overrightarrow{p_{n}} src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\overrightarrow{p_{n}}"&gt;&amp;nbsp;first, next apply &lt;IMG title=\overrightarrow{P_{m}} src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\overrightarrow{P_{m}}"&gt;.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Than, the shape of the body which is applied &lt;IMG title=\overrightarrow{p_{n}} src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\overrightarrow{p_{n}}"&gt;&amp;nbsp;only first will be deformed due to &lt;IMG title=\overrightarrow{P_{m}} src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\overrightarrow{P_{m}}"&gt;, and the location of each particle of the body will move. Let's say the distance as &lt;IMG title=\overrightarrow{d_{n}} src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\overrightarrow{d_{n}}"&gt;.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;In this case, m of &lt;IMG title=\overrightarrow{d_{n}} src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\overrightarrow{d_{n}}"&gt;&amp;nbsp;is m = 1, 2, 3, … , M either.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Than the summation of work done by &lt;IMG title=\overrightarrow{p_{n}} src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\overrightarrow{p_{n}}"&gt;&amp;nbsp;due to &lt;IMG title=\overrightarrow{P_{m}} src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\overrightarrow{P_{m}}"&gt;&amp;nbsp;can be expressed as follow.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=w_{p/P}=\sum_{n=1}^{N}\overrightarrow{p_{n}}\cdot \overrightarrow{d_{n}}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG style="DISPLAY: block; FLOAT: none; MARGIN-LEFT: auto; MARGIN-RIGHT: auto" title="w_{p/P}=\sum_{n=1}^{N}\overrightarrow{p_{n}}\cdot \overrightarrow{d_{n}}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?w_{p/P}=\sum_{n=1}^{N}\overrightarrow{p_{n}}\cdot \overrightarrow{d_{n}}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;어떤 load 를 먼저 apply 하고, 나중에 apply 함에 따라 한 work 에 대한 표현은 달라진다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;그런데, 위에 형상을 두고 생각해보면, 어떤 load 를 먼저 주고 나중에 관계 없이 만약 두 set 의 load 들 모두 각각 같은 방향과 양 만큼 apply 했다면, 두 load 를 모두 주고난 다음의 형체의 형상은 같을 것이다.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;즉. 똑같이 찌그러들 것이라는 것이다.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;그렇다면, 결국 둘이 한 work 의 양은 같다는 것이다.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;그래서 다음과 같은 관계가 성립 된다.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;The expression of work done is changes depend on which load is applied first.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;If we think about the figure above, regardless which load is applied first, the deformed shape will be same after applying the two set of load, if the same two set of load is applied.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;It means, they will be deformed to the same shapes.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;Than, they will have same value of work done.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;Thus, the relationship of below will satisfied.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=w_{P/p}=w_{p/P}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;IMG title=w_{P/p}=w_{p/P} src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?w_{P/p}=w_{p/P}"&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;이제 도구를 알았으니, Poisson’s ratio &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\nu _{12}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title="\nu _{12}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\nu _{12}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; 와 &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\nu _{21}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title="\nu _{21}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\nu _{21}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; 가 어떻게 다르고 어떤 관계를 갖는지는 다음 포스트에서 확인하면 된다!! ㅎㅎㅎㅎㅎ&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Now we learned the method, let's check the differance of Poisson’s ratio &lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\nu _{12}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title="\nu _{12}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\nu _{12}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&amp;nbsp;and &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\nu _{21}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title="\nu _{21}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\nu _{21}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&amp;nbsp;on next post!!hhhh&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3375258788775543649-3041769562661186688?l=spaceflux-textcube.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://spaceflux-textcube.blogspot.com/feeds/3041769562661186688/comments/default' title='댓글'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://spaceflux-textcube.blogspot.com/2009/07/ae522-17-maxwell-reciprocal-theorem.html#comment-form' title='0개의 덧글'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3375258788775543649/posts/default/3041769562661186688'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3375258788775543649/posts/default/3041769562661186688'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://spaceflux-textcube.blogspot.com/2009/07/ae522-17-maxwell-reciprocal-theorem.html' title='AE522 1.7 Maxwell Reciprocal Theorem'/><author><name>nadajim</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16860058226668979333</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3375258788775543649.post-7066546992022382415</id><published>2009-07-24T14:00:00.000-04:00</published><updated>2011-01-29T08:25:54.274-05:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='유스호스텔'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='DC'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='New York'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Amtrak USA Rail Pass'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Washington DC'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Amtrak'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='미국'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='보스턴'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Boston'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Travel Bug'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='DC - Boston - NY'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Deland'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='USA'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='뉴욕'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='열차 티켓'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='NYC'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='여행'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='워싱턴DC'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='열차'/><title type='text'>DC-Boston-NY: Eastside Train Trip</title><content type='html'>&lt;P&gt;드디어 첫 여행 포스트 입니다!!!&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;여행 루트 먼저 보시죠!!&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;iframe height="700" marginheight="0" src="http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?f=q&amp;amp;source=s_q&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;geocode=&amp;amp;ie=UTF8&amp;amp;msa=0&amp;amp;msid=107054661154851936507.00046f03f30fbd1751222&amp;amp;ll=36.949892,-75.717773&amp;amp;spn=24.499661,27.246094&amp;amp;z=5&amp;amp;output=embed" frameborder="0" width="620" marginwidth="0" scrolling="no"&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;SMALL&gt;View &lt;A style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; COLOR: #0000ff" href="http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?f=q&amp;amp;source=embed&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;geocode=&amp;amp;ie=UTF8&amp;amp;msa=0&amp;amp;msid=107054661154851936507.00046f03f30fbd1751222&amp;amp;ll=36.949892,-75.717773&amp;amp;spn=24.499661,27.246094&amp;amp;z=5"&gt;Deland-DC-Boston-NY&lt;/A&gt; in a larger map&lt;/SMALL&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;루트는 다음과 같아요.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;Deland, FL&amp;nbsp; --&amp;nbsp; Washington DC&amp;nbsp; --&amp;nbsp; Boston, MA&amp;nbsp; --&amp;nbsp; New York, NY&amp;nbsp; --&amp;nbsp; Deland, FL&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;이동 수단은 전 구간 Amtrak 기차 입니다!~~~~ ^_^&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;기차여행이다!!! 유휴!@!!&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;파란색 Placemark 를 하나씩 클릭 해보시면 어디인지가 말풍선이 뜨면서 나와요.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;더 큰 화면에서 시원 시원 보시려면 지도 밑의 링크를 클릭해보세요.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;계획도 세우고, 열차 티켓은 1-800-USA-RAIL 에 전화해서 물어보니, 역에 가서 사면 된다고 하고, 유스호스텔 예약은 &lt;A href="http://www.hostels.com/"&gt;www.hostels.com&lt;/A&gt; 에서 인터넷으로 끝냈고 했으니 짐만 챙기면 되군요!&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;열차 티켓은 Amtrak USA Rail Pass 로 해결! &lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;인터넷으로 &lt;A href="http://www.amtrak.com/"&gt;www.amtrak.com&lt;/A&gt; 을 뒤져보니, 동부지역만 다니면 되니 동부권으로 구입하면 되군!!&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;비수기간엔 동부지역은 $210 이면 열차표는 15일 동안 맘데로 쓸 수 있어요. ㅎㅎ&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;열차 시간표는 Amtrak 홈페이지에서 확인하였고 했으니…&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;이 정도면 2006년 3월 봄방학 여행계획은 충분하겠죠???&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;2006년 3월&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;18일 토 Deland, FL 출발&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 열차에서 1박&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;19일 일 Washington DC 도착&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 유스호스텔 2박&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;21일 화 Washington DC 출발&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 열차에서 1박&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;22일 수 Boston, MA 도착&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 유스호스텔 1박&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;23일 목 Boston, MA 출발, New York, NY 도착&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 유스호스텔 2박&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;25일 토 New York, NY 출발&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 열차에서 1박&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;26일 일 Deland, FL 도착&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;총 9 일&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;1 주일 있는 봄 방학을 아주 꽉 채웠다요!! ㅎㅎㅎㅎ&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;이제 DC, Boston, NY 에서 뭘 보고 놀지 인터넷으로 뒤지기만 하면 되겠군요!!&lt;/P&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3375258788775543649-7066546992022382415?l=spaceflux-textcube.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://spaceflux-textcube.blogspot.com/feeds/7066546992022382415/comments/default' title='댓글'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://spaceflux-textcube.blogspot.com/2009/07/dc-boston-ny-eastside-train-trip.html#comment-form' title='0개의 덧글'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3375258788775543649/posts/default/7066546992022382415'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3375258788775543649/posts/default/7066546992022382415'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://spaceflux-textcube.blogspot.com/2009/07/dc-boston-ny-eastside-train-trip.html' title='DC-Boston-NY: Eastside Train Trip'/><author><name>nadajim</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16860058226668979333</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3375258788775543649.post-558415441495907885</id><published>2009-07-23T14:00:00.000-04:00</published><updated>2011-01-29T08:25:54.230-05:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='지도'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='장소'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='공간'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='travel'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='여행'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='사진'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Travel Bug'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='space flux'/><title type='text'>사진 따라, 지도 따라 Space Flux 여행을!</title><content type='html'>&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;이제 슬슬 Travel Bug 카테고리에 포스팅 하는 것을 시동 걸어 볼까 합니다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Space Flux 의 Travel Bug 를 통해 색다른 여행을 즐겨보세요!&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;제가 알려드리는 것은 &lt;FONT color=#0080ff&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;장소 정보&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;와 &lt;FONT color=#0080ff&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;지도&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt; 그리고 &lt;FONT color=#0080ff&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;사진&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt; 입니다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;다른 제가 하고 싶은 코멘트는 가려두기로 가려두겠습니다.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;장소 정보와 지도 그리고 사진으로 그 공간을 따라가보세요!~&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;자신이 여행하는 것처럼요!&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;공간의 흐름을 따라 따라..&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;그래서 &lt;FONT color=#0080ff size=5 face="Trebuchet MS"&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;Space Flux&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt; &lt;FONT color=#0080ff size=2&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;공간 흐름&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt; 입니다.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;혹시 다른 사람이 나오면 같이 여행하는 친구라고 생각 하세요~&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;비행기를 탄다면, 비행기를 타고 있는 것이고, 기차를 타면 기차를 타고 이동하고 있는 것이지요!~&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;뭔가 먹고 있다면, 여행하다 배를 채우는 겁니다.. ㅎㅎ&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;제 맘데로 찍은 것이지만~ 같이 여행을 즐기실 분들은 즐겨보세요~&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;제 코멘트는 가려두기 때문에, 그 공간에서 느끼는 느낌은 보시는 사람마다 다르게 느낄 수 있으실 거라 믿어요~&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;실제로 여행할 때도 공간이 뭐라 말하는 것이 아니라 자기가 그 공간을 느끼는 것 이니까요~&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;뭐,, 장소의 선택권은 없지만,, 보시는 분 각자의 여행을 떠난다는 느낌으로 즐겨 보세요!~&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;그럼, 모두들! 즐거운 여행 되세요!! ^^&lt;/P&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3375258788775543649-558415441495907885?l=spaceflux-textcube.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://spaceflux-textcube.blogspot.com/feeds/558415441495907885/comments/default' title='댓글'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://spaceflux-textcube.blogspot.com/2009/07/%EC%82%AC%EC%A7%84-%EB%94%B0%EB%9D%BC-%EC%A7%80%EB%8F%84-%EB%94%B0%EB%9D%BC-space-flux-%EC%97%AC%ED%96%89%EC%9D%84.html#comment-form' title='0개의 덧글'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3375258788775543649/posts/default/558415441495907885'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3375258788775543649/posts/default/558415441495907885'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://spaceflux-textcube.blogspot.com/2009/07/%EC%82%AC%EC%A7%84-%EB%94%B0%EB%9D%BC-%EC%A7%80%EB%8F%84-%EB%94%B0%EB%9D%BC-space-flux-%EC%97%AC%ED%96%89%EC%9D%84.html' title='사진 따라, 지도 따라 Space Flux 여행을!'/><author><name>nadajim</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16860058226668979333</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3375258788775543649.post-1909147451789280182</id><published>2009-07-22T14:00:00.000-04:00</published><updated>2011-01-29T08:25:54.181-05:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='shear strain'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='normal strain'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Young&apos;s modulus'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='AE522 Composite Material'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Poisson&apos;s ratio'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='AE Study'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='normal stress'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Hooke&apos;s Law'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='shear stress'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='orthotropic material'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='compliance matrix'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='AE522'/><title type='text'>AE522 1.6 Engineering Properties for Orthotropic Material</title><content type='html'>&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;이번에는 compliance matrix 의 component 하나 하나가 무엇을 의미 하는지 알아 볼 것이다.&lt;br /&gt;In this lecture, we gonna discuss about meaning of each component of compliance matrix.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;FONT size=5 face=Arial&gt;Normal Stress - Strain Compliance Matrix&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;HR color=#000000 SIZE=1&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;A href="http://spaceflux.textcube.com/10" target=_blank&gt;AE522 1.5&lt;/A&gt;포스트에서 compliance matrix 를 간소하게 나타낸 모양이 다음과 같았다. &lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;On &lt;A href="http://spaceflux.textcube.com/10" target=_blank&gt;AE522 1.5&lt;/A&gt; post, &amp;nbsp;the shape of simplified compliance matrix was this;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\begin{Bmatrix} \varepsilon _{1}\\ \varepsilon _{2}\\ \varepsilon _{3} \end{Bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} s_{11} &amp;amp; s_{12} &amp;amp; s_{13} \\ s_{12} &amp;amp; s_{22} &amp;amp; s_{23} \\ s_{13} &amp;amp; s_{23} &amp;amp; s_{33} \end{bmatrix} \begin{Bmatrix} \sigma _{1}\\ \sigma _{2}\\ \sigma _{3} \end{Bmatrix}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG style="DISPLAY: block; FLOAT: none; MARGIN-LEFT: auto; MARGIN-RIGHT: auto" title="\begin{Bmatrix} \varepsilon _{1}\\ \varepsilon _{2}\\ \varepsilon _{3} \end{Bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} s_{11} &amp;amp; s_{12} &amp;amp; s_{13} \\ s_{12} &amp;amp; s_{22} &amp;amp; s_{23} \\ s_{13} &amp;amp; s_{23} &amp;amp; s_{33} \end{bmatrix} \begin{Bmatrix} \sigma _{1}\\ \sigma _{2}\\ \sigma _{3} \end{Bmatrix}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\begin{Bmatrix} \varepsilon _{1}\\ \varepsilon _{2}\\ \varepsilon _{3} \end{Bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} s_{11} &amp;amp; s_{12} &amp;amp; s_{13} \\ s_{12} &amp;amp; s_{22} &amp;amp; s_{23} \\ s_{13} &amp;amp; s_{23} &amp;amp; s_{33} \end{bmatrix} \begin{Bmatrix} \sigma _{1}\\ \sigma _{2}\\ \sigma _{3} \end{Bmatrix}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;여기에서 compliance matrix 의 각 component 를 구하기 위해 다음 그림들을 통해 더 간단하게 나누어 볼 것 이다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;To find the each component of compliance matrix, we are going to divide the figure on below &amp;nbsp;to simpler form.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href="http://ss.textcube.com/blog/2/20636/attach/XVcNxfkRFQ.png"&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;img src="http://ss.textcube.com/blog/2/20636/attach/XOkIQTB1ba.png" height="527" /&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;위 그림은 local coordinate system 에 따라 간단히 infinitesimal cube 에 작용하는 stress 들을 나타낸 것이다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;이 stress 들은 다음과 같이 나누어서 개별적으로 생각해 볼 수 있다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;The figure above discribe the stresses applied on infinitesimal cube following local coordinate system.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Those stresses are can be divided as below;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href="http://ss.textcube.com/blog/2/20636/attach/XUb5C3F8DM.png"&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;img src="http://ss.textcube.com/blog/2/20636/attach/XS8FODnaMU.png" height="307" /&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Infinitesimal cube 하나에 stress 가 하나씩 적용하도록 나눴다. 매우 간단해졌다! 하핫핫!&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;It had been divided to several cubes which are applied one stress on each cube. It had been extremly simplified! hahaha!&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;( i ) 의 경우를 살펴보자. Hooke’s Law 에 따라 다음과 같은 경우가 성립 하게 될 것이다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Let's check the case ( i ). Following Hooke's Law, below can be satisfied.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\varepsilon _{1}=\frac{\sigma _{1}}{E_{1}}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG style="DISPLAY: block; FLOAT: none; MARGIN-LEFT: auto; MARGIN-RIGHT: auto" title="\varepsilon _{1}=\frac{\sigma _{1}}{E_{1}}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\varepsilon _{1}=\frac{\sigma _{1}}{E_{1}}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;여기서 &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=E_{1}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title=E_{1} src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?E_{1}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; 는 1 - direction 으로의 Young’s modulus (modulus of elasticity) 이다. &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;In this case, &lt;IMG title=E_{1} src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?E_{1}"&gt;&amp;nbsp;is Young’s modulus (modulus of elasticity) to direction 1.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;나머지 strain 을 정의 하기 위해 Poisson’s ratio 공식을 사용하자.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;그러고 보니, poisson 이 발음도 [푸와송] 이라고 불어식으로 하는데, 그럼 불어로는 물고기라는 뜻이니까 물고기의 공식인건가??;;;&amp;nbsp; 아무튼 공식은 다음과 같다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;To define other strains, let's use the equation of Poisson's ratio.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;We pronounce the poisson as [pwasç] which is franch pronunciation, than because it means fish in french, can we call it as fish equation??;; Anyway the equation is below;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\nu _{ij}=-\frac{\varepsilon _{j}}{\varepsilon _{i}}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG style="DISPLAY: block; FLOAT: none; MARGIN-LEFT: auto; MARGIN-RIGHT: auto" title="\nu _{ij}=-\frac{\varepsilon _{j}}{\varepsilon _{i}}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\nu _{ij}=-\frac{\varepsilon _{j}}{\varepsilon _{i}}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;위의 Poisson’s ratio 를 따르면, &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\nu _{12}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title="\nu _{12}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\nu _{12}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; 와 &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\nu _{13}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title="\nu _{13}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\nu _{13}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; 는 다음과 같이 나타낼 수 있다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Following the Poissong's ratio, &lt;IMG title="\nu _{12}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\nu _{12}"&gt;&amp;nbsp;and &lt;IMG title="\nu _{13}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\nu _{13}"&gt;&amp;nbsp;can be denoted as follow;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\nu _{12}=-\frac{\varepsilon _{2}}{\varepsilon _{1}}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG style="DISPLAY: block; FLOAT: none; MARGIN-LEFT: auto; MARGIN-RIGHT: auto" title="\nu _{12}=-\frac{\varepsilon _{2}}{\varepsilon _{1}}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\nu _{12}=-\frac{\varepsilon _{2}}{\varepsilon _{1}}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\nu _{13}=-\frac{\varepsilon _{3}}{\varepsilon _{1}}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG style="DISPLAY: block; FLOAT: none; MARGIN-LEFT: auto; MARGIN-RIGHT: auto" title="\nu _{13}=-\frac{\varepsilon _{3}}{\varepsilon _{1}}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\nu _{13}=-\frac{\varepsilon _{3}}{\varepsilon _{1}}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;각각 &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\varepsilon _{2}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title="\varepsilon _{2}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\varepsilon _{2}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; 와 &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\varepsilon _{3}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title="\varepsilon _{3}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\varepsilon _{3}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; 으로 전개 하고 &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\varepsilon _{1}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title="\varepsilon _{1}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\varepsilon _{1}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; 을 대입하면, 다음과 같은 결과를 도출 할 수 있다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Solving each of them to &lt;IMG title="\varepsilon _{2}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\varepsilon _{2}"&gt;&amp;nbsp;and &lt;IMG title="\varepsilon _{3}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\varepsilon _{3}"&gt;, and than if we pulg in &lt;IMG title="\varepsilon _{1}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\varepsilon _{1}"&gt;, following consequences will be obtained.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\varepsilon _{2}=-\nu _{12}\varepsilon _{1}=-\nu _{12}\frac{\sigma _{1}}{E_{1}}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG style="DISPLAY: block; FLOAT: none; MARGIN-LEFT: auto; MARGIN-RIGHT: auto" title="\varepsilon _{2}=-\nu _{12}\varepsilon _{1}=-\nu _{12}\frac{\sigma _{1}}{E_{1}}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\varepsilon _{2}=-\nu _{12}\varepsilon _{1}=-\nu _{12}\frac{\sigma _{1}}{E_{1}}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\varepsilon _{3}=-\nu _{13}\varepsilon _{1}=-\nu _{13}\frac{\sigma _{1}}{E_{1}}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG style="DISPLAY: block; FLOAT: none; MARGIN-LEFT: auto; MARGIN-RIGHT: auto" title="\varepsilon _{3}=-\nu _{13}\varepsilon _{1}=-\nu _{13}\frac{\sigma _{1}}{E_{1}}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\varepsilon _{3}=-\nu _{13}\varepsilon _{1}=-\nu _{13}\frac{\sigma _{1}}{E_{1}}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;감이 잡히는가? 이 결과들이 어떤 모양을 가질지?&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;이제 이 결과들을 행렬로 표현을 해보자.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Did you got the sense what shape can be made form these consequences?&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Let's express them by matrix.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\begin{Bmatrix} \varepsilon _{1}\\ \varepsilon _{2}\\ \varepsilon _{3} \end{Bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} \frac{1}{E_{1}} \\ -\frac{\nu _{12}}{E_{1}} \\ -\frac{\nu _{13}}{E_{1}} \end{bmatrix} \sigma _{1}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG style="DISPLAY: block; FLOAT: none; MARGIN-LEFT: auto; MARGIN-RIGHT: auto" title="\begin{Bmatrix} \varepsilon _{1}\\ \varepsilon _{2}\\ \varepsilon _{3} \end{Bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} \frac{1}{E_{1}} \\ -\frac{\nu _{12}}{E_{1}} \\ -\frac{\nu _{13}}{E_{1}} \end{bmatrix} \sigma _{1}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\begin{Bmatrix} \varepsilon _{1}\\ \varepsilon _{2}\\ \varepsilon _{3} \end{Bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} \frac{1}{E_{1}} \\ -\frac{\nu _{12}}{E_{1}} \\ -\frac{\nu _{13}}{E_{1}} \end{bmatrix} \sigma _{1}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;이와 같은 과정을 두 번 더 해서 옆으로 쌓으면 된다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;What we have to do is just do two more same process and cumulate them to the side.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;( ii ) 의 경우에는 다음이 성립된다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;여기서 &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=E_{2}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title=E_{2} src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?E_{2}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; 는 2 - direction 으로의 Young's modulus 이다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;For case ( ii ), following can be satisfied.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;In this case, &lt;IMG title=E_{2} src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?E_{2}"&gt;&amp;nbsp;is Young’s modulus (modulus of elasticity) to&amp;nbsp; direction 2.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\varepsilon _{2}=\frac{\sigma _{2}}{E_{2}}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG style="DISPLAY: block; FLOAT: none; MARGIN-LEFT: auto; MARGIN-RIGHT: auto" title="\varepsilon _{2}=\frac{\sigma _{2}}{E_{2}}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\varepsilon _{2}=\frac{\sigma _{2}}{E_{2}}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\nu _{21}=-\frac{\varepsilon _{1}}{\varepsilon _{2}}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG style="DISPLAY: block; FLOAT: none; MARGIN-LEFT: auto; MARGIN-RIGHT: auto" title="\nu _{21}=-\frac{\varepsilon _{1}}{\varepsilon _{2}}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\nu _{21}=-\frac{\varepsilon _{1}}{\varepsilon _{2}}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\nu _{23}=-\frac{\varepsilon _{3}}{\varepsilon _{2}}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG style="DISPLAY: block; FLOAT: none; MARGIN-LEFT: auto; MARGIN-RIGHT: auto" title="\nu _{23}=-\frac{\varepsilon _{3}}{\varepsilon _{2}}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\nu _{23}=-\frac{\varepsilon _{3}}{\varepsilon _{2}}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\varepsilon _{1}=-\nu _{21}\varepsilon _{2}=-\nu _{21}\frac{\sigma _{2}}{E_{2}}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG style="DISPLAY: block; FLOAT: none; MARGIN-LEFT: auto; MARGIN-RIGHT: auto" title="\varepsilon _{1}=-\nu _{21}\varepsilon _{2}=-\nu _{21}\frac{\sigma _{2}}{E_{2}}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\varepsilon _{1}=-\nu _{21}\varepsilon _{2}=-\nu _{21}\frac{\sigma _{2}}{E_{2}}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\varepsilon _{3}=-\nu _{23}\varepsilon _{2}=-\nu _{23}\frac{\sigma _{2}}{E_{2}}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG style="DISPLAY: block; FLOAT: none; MARGIN-LEFT: auto; MARGIN-RIGHT: auto" title="\varepsilon _{3}=-\nu _{23}\varepsilon _{2}=-\nu _{23}\frac{\sigma _{2}}{E_{2}}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\varepsilon _{3}=-\nu _{23}\varepsilon _{2}=-\nu _{23}\frac{\sigma _{2}}{E_{2}}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;( iii ) 의 경우에는 다음이 성립된다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;여기서 &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=E_{3}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title=E_{3} src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?E_{3}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; 는 3 - direction 으로의 Young's modulus 이다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;For case ( iii ), following can be satisfied.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;In this case, &lt;IMG title=E_{3} src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?E_{3}"&gt;&amp;nbsp;is Young’s modulus (modulus of elasticity) to&amp;nbsp; direction 3.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\varepsilon _{3}=\frac{\sigma _{3}}{E_{3}}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG style="DISPLAY: block; FLOAT: none; MARGIN-LEFT: auto; MARGIN-RIGHT: auto" title="\varepsilon _{3}=\frac{\sigma _{3}}{E_{3}}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\varepsilon _{3}=\frac{\sigma _{3}}{E_{3}}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\nu _{31}=-\frac{\varepsilon _{1}}{\varepsilon _{3}}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG style="DISPLAY: block; FLOAT: none; MARGIN-LEFT: auto; MARGIN-RIGHT: auto" title="\nu _{31}=-\frac{\varepsilon _{1}}{\varepsilon _{3}}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\nu _{31}=-\frac{\varepsilon _{1}}{\varepsilon _{3}}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\nu _{32}=-\frac{\varepsilon _{2}}{\varepsilon _{3}}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG style="DISPLAY: block; FLOAT: none; MARGIN-LEFT: auto; MARGIN-RIGHT: auto" title="\nu _{32}=-\frac{\varepsilon _{2}}{\varepsilon _{3}}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\nu _{32}=-\frac{\varepsilon _{2}}{\varepsilon _{3}}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\varepsilon _{1}=-\nu _{31}\varepsilon _{3}=-\nu _{31}\frac{\sigma _{3}}{E_{3}}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG style="DISPLAY: block; FLOAT: none; MARGIN-LEFT: auto; MARGIN-RIGHT: auto" title="\varepsilon _{1}=-\nu _{31}\varepsilon _{3}=-\nu _{31}\frac{\sigma _{3}}{E_{3}}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\varepsilon _{1}=-\nu _{31}\varepsilon _{3}=-\nu _{31}\frac{\sigma _{3}}{E_{3}}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\varepsilon _{2}=-\nu _{32}\varepsilon _{3}=-\nu _{32}\frac{\sigma _{3}}{E_{3}}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG style="DISPLAY: block; FLOAT: none; MARGIN-LEFT: auto; MARGIN-RIGHT: auto" title="\varepsilon _{2}=-\nu _{32}\varepsilon _{3}=-\nu _{32}\frac{\sigma _{3}}{E_{3}}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\varepsilon _{2}=-\nu _{32}\varepsilon _{3}=-\nu _{32}\frac{\sigma _{3}}{E_{3}}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;이 ( i ), ( ii ), ( iii ) 세 경우 모두 종합해서 하나의 행렬로 나타내면, 다음과 같아진다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;If ( i ), ( ii ), ( iii ) are cumulated, they can be expressed as one matrix as below;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\begin{Bmatrix} \varepsilon _{1}\\ \varepsilon _{2}\\ \varepsilon _{3} \end{Bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} \frac{1}{E_{1}} &amp;amp; -\frac{\nu _{21}}{E_{2}} &amp;amp; -\frac{\nu _{31}}{E_{3}}\\ -\frac{\nu _{12}}{E_{1}} &amp;amp; \frac{1}{E_{2}} &amp;amp; -\frac{\nu _{32}}{E_{3}}\\ -\frac{\nu _{13}}{E_{1}} &amp;amp; -\frac{\nu _{23}}{E_{2}} &amp;amp; \frac{1}{E_{3}} \end{bmatrix} \begin{Bmatrix} \sigma _{1}\\ \sigma _{2}\\ \sigma _{3} \end{Bmatrix}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG style="DISPLAY: block; FLOAT: none; MARGIN-LEFT: auto; MARGIN-RIGHT: auto" title="\begin{Bmatrix} \varepsilon _{1}\\ \varepsilon _{2}\\ \varepsilon _{3} \end{Bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} \frac{1}{E_{1}} &amp;amp; -\frac{\nu _{21}}{E_{2}} &amp;amp; -\frac{\nu _{31}}{E_{3}}\\ -\frac{\nu _{12}}{E_{1}} &amp;amp; \frac{1}{E_{2}} &amp;amp; -\frac{\nu _{32}}{E_{3}}\\ -\frac{\nu _{13}}{E_{1}} &amp;amp; -\frac{\nu _{23}}{E_{2}} &amp;amp; \frac{1}{E_{3}} \end{bmatrix} \begin{Bmatrix} \sigma _{1}\\ \sigma _{2}\\ \sigma _{3} \end{Bmatrix}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\begin{Bmatrix} \varepsilon _{1}\\ \varepsilon _{2}\\ \varepsilon _{3} \end{Bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} \frac{1}{E_{1}} &amp;amp; -\frac{\nu _{21}}{E_{2}} &amp;amp; -\frac{\nu _{31}}{E_{3}}\\ -\frac{\nu _{12}}{E_{1}} &amp;amp; \frac{1}{E_{2}} &amp;amp; -\frac{\nu _{32}}{E_{3}}\\ -\frac{\nu _{13}}{E_{1}} &amp;amp; -\frac{\nu _{23}}{E_{2}} &amp;amp; \frac{1}{E_{3}} \end{bmatrix} \begin{Bmatrix} \sigma _{1}\\ \sigma _{2}\\ \sigma _{3} \end{Bmatrix}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;결국 normal stress - strain 에 대한 compliance matrix 는 다음과 같은 관계가 성립 한다고 할 수 있다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Finally, the relationship of normal stress - strain of compliance matrix can be expressed as below;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex={\color{blue} {\color{blue} }\begin{bmatrix} s_{11} &amp;amp; s_{12} &amp;amp; s_{13} \\ s_{12} &amp;amp; s_{22} &amp;amp; s_{23} \\ s_{13} &amp;amp; s_{23} &amp;amp; s_{33} \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} \frac{1}{E_{1}} &amp;amp; -\frac{\nu _{21}}{E_2} &amp;amp; -\frac{\nu _{31}}{E_3} \\ -\frac{\nu _{12}}{E_1} &amp;amp; \frac{1}{E_{2}} &amp;amp; -\frac{\nu _{32}}{E_3} \\ -\frac{\nu _{13}}{E_1} &amp;amp; -\frac{\nu _{23}}{E_2} &amp;amp; \frac{1}{E_{3}} \end{bmatrix}}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG style="DISPLAY: block; FLOAT: none; MARGIN-LEFT: auto; MARGIN-RIGHT: auto" title="{\color{blue} {\color{blue} }\begin{bmatrix} s_{11} &amp;amp; s_{12} &amp;amp; s_{13} \\ s_{12} &amp;amp; s_{22} &amp;amp; s_{23} \\ s_{13} &amp;amp; s_{23} &amp;amp; s_{33} \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} \frac{1}{E_{1}} &amp;amp; -\frac{\nu _{21}}{E_2} &amp;amp; -\frac{\nu _{31}}{E_3} \\ -\frac{\nu _{12}}{E_1} &amp;amp; \frac{1}{E_{2}} &amp;amp; -\frac{\nu _{32}}{E_3} \\ -\frac{\nu _{13}}{E_1} &amp;amp; -\frac{\nu _{23}}{E_2} &amp;amp; \frac{1}{E_{3}} \end{bmatrix}}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?{\color{blue} {\color{blue} }\begin{bmatrix} s_{11} &amp;amp; s_{12} &amp;amp; s_{13} \\ s_{12} &amp;amp; s_{22} &amp;amp; s_{23} \\ s_{13} &amp;amp; s_{23} &amp;amp; s_{33} \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} \frac{1}{E_{1}} &amp;amp; -\frac{\nu _{21}}{E_2} &amp;amp; -\frac{\nu _{31}}{E_3} \\ -\frac{\nu _{12}}{E_1} &amp;amp; \frac{1}{E_{2}} &amp;amp; -\frac{\nu _{32}}{E_3} \\ -\frac{\nu _{13}}{E_1} &amp;amp; -\frac{\nu _{23}}{E_2} &amp;amp; \frac{1}{E_{3}} \end{bmatrix}}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;FONT size=5&gt;Shear Stress - Strain Compliance Matrix&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;HR color=#000000 SIZE=1&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;6 x 6 compliance matrix 를 간소하게 나타냈을 때 도출 되었던 또 다른 식이 shear 에 관한 식이었다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;This the other equation, which is for shear, when 6 x 6 compliance matrix was simplified.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\begin{Bmatrix} \gamma _{23}\\ \gamma _{31}\\ \gamma _{12} \end{Bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} s_{44} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 \\ 0 &amp;amp; s_{55} &amp;amp; 0 \\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; s_{66} \end{bmatrix} \begin{Bmatrix} \tau _{23}\\ \tau _{31}\\ \tau _{12} \end{Bmatrix}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG style="DISPLAY: block; FLOAT: none; MARGIN-LEFT: auto; MARGIN-RIGHT: auto" title="\begin{Bmatrix} \gamma _{23}\\ \gamma _{31}\\ \gamma _{12} \end{Bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} s_{44} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 \\ 0 &amp;amp; s_{55} &amp;amp; 0 \\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; s_{66} \end{bmatrix} \begin{Bmatrix} \tau _{23}\\ \tau _{31}\\ \tau _{12} \end{Bmatrix}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\begin{Bmatrix} \gamma _{23}\\ \gamma _{31}\\ \gamma _{12} \end{Bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} s_{44} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 \\ 0 &amp;amp; s_{55} &amp;amp; 0 \\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; s_{66} \end{bmatrix} \begin{Bmatrix} \tau _{23}\\ \tau _{31}\\ \tau _{12} \end{Bmatrix}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;이 경우는 매우 간단하다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;1 행의 shear strain 을 따로 식으로 나타내면 다음과 같아진다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;In this case, it is really simple.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Shear strain equation of first row can be rewritten as follow;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\gamma _{23}=s_{44}\tau _{23}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG style="DISPLAY: block; FLOAT: none; MARGIN-LEFT: auto; MARGIN-RIGHT: auto" title="\gamma _{23}=s_{44}\tau _{23}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\gamma _{23}=s_{44}\tau _{23}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;그런데, shear strain 과 shear stress 는 다음과 같은 관계가 성립된다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;However, the shear strain and shear stress has the relationship as below;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\gamma _{23}=\frac{\tau _{23}}{G_{23}}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG style="DISPLAY: block; FLOAT: none; MARGIN-LEFT: auto; MARGIN-RIGHT: auto" title="\gamma _{23}=\frac{\tau _{23}}{G_{23}}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\gamma _{23}=\frac{\tau _{23}}{G_{23}}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;즉, 다음과 같다는 것이다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;So, following can be satisfied;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\gamma _{23}=s_{44}\tau _{23}=\frac{\tau _{23}}{G_{23}}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG style="DISPLAY: block; FLOAT: none; MARGIN-LEFT: auto; MARGIN-RIGHT: auto" title="\gamma _{23}=s_{44}\tau _{23}=\frac{\tau _{23}}{G_{23}}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\gamma _{23}=s_{44}\tau _{23}=\frac{\tau _{23}}{G_{23}}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;나머지 경우도 마찬가지로,&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;For rest cases also can be obtained in same way.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\gamma _{31}=s_{55}\tau _{31}=\frac{\tau _{31}}{G_{31}}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG style="DISPLAY: block; FLOAT: none; MARGIN-LEFT: auto; MARGIN-RIGHT: auto" title="\gamma _{31}=s_{55}\tau _{31}=\frac{\tau _{31}}{G_{31}}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\gamma _{31}=s_{55}\tau _{31}=\frac{\tau _{31}}{G_{31}}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\gamma _{12}=s_{66}\tau _{12}=\frac{\tau _{12}}{G_{12}}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG style="DISPLAY: block; FLOAT: none; MARGIN-LEFT: auto; MARGIN-RIGHT: auto" title="\gamma _{12}=s_{66}\tau _{12}=\frac{\tau _{12}}{G_{12}}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\gamma _{12}=s_{66}\tau _{12}=\frac{\tau _{12}}{G_{12}}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\begin{Bmatrix} \gamma _{23}\\ \gamma _{31}\\ \gamma _{12} \end{Bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} \frac{1}{G_{23}} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 \\ 0 &amp;amp; \frac{1}{G_{31}} &amp;amp; 0 \\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; \frac{1}{G_{12}} \end{bmatrix} \begin{Bmatrix} \tau _{23}\\ \tau _{31}\\ \tau _{12} \end{Bmatrix}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG style="DISPLAY: block; FLOAT: none; MARGIN-LEFT: auto; MARGIN-RIGHT: auto" title="\begin{Bmatrix} \gamma _{23}\\ \gamma _{31}\\ \gamma _{12} \end{Bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} \frac{1}{G_{23}} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 \\ 0 &amp;amp; \frac{1}{G_{31}} &amp;amp; 0 \\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; \frac{1}{G_{12}} \end{bmatrix} \begin{Bmatrix} \tau _{23}\\ \tau _{31}\\ \tau _{12} \end{Bmatrix}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\begin{Bmatrix} \gamma _{23}\\ \gamma _{31}\\ \gamma _{12} \end{Bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} \frac{1}{G_{23}} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 \\ 0 &amp;amp; \frac{1}{G_{31}} &amp;amp; 0 \\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; \frac{1}{G_{12}} \end{bmatrix} \begin{Bmatrix} \tau _{23}\\ \tau _{31}\\ \tau _{12} \end{Bmatrix}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;결국 shear stress – strain 에 대한 compliance matrix 는 다음과 같은 관계가 성립 한다고 할 수 있다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Finally, there can be the stress - strain relation to the compliance matrix.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex={\color{blue}\begin{bmatrix} s_{44} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 \\ 0 &amp;amp; s_{55} &amp;amp; 0 \\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; s_{66} \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} \frac{1}{G_{23}} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 \\ 0 &amp;amp; \frac{1}{G_{31}} &amp;amp; 0 \\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; \frac{1}{G_{12}} \end{bmatrix}}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG style="DISPLAY: block; FLOAT: none; MARGIN-LEFT: auto; MARGIN-RIGHT: auto" title="{\color{blue}\begin{bmatrix} s_{44} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 \\ 0 &amp;amp; s_{55} &amp;amp; 0 \\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; s_{66} \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} \frac{1}{G_{23}} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 \\ 0 &amp;amp; \frac{1}{G_{31}} &amp;amp; 0 \\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; \frac{1}{G_{12}} \end{bmatrix}}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?{\color{blue}\begin{bmatrix} s_{44} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 \\ 0 &amp;amp; s_{55} &amp;amp; 0 \\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; s_{66} \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} \frac{1}{G_{23}} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 \\ 0 &amp;amp; \frac{1}{G_{31}} &amp;amp; 0 \\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; \frac{1}{G_{12}} \end{bmatrix}}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;FONT size=5 face=Arial&gt;Compliance Matrix&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;HR color=#000000 SIZE=1&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;위의 두 compliance matrix 를 합쳐서 6 x 6 compliance matrix 로 나타내면 다음과 같이 된다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;If we combine the two compliance at once, it can be expressed as a 6 x 6 compliance matrix as following.&lt;/FONT&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex={\color{red} \begin{bmatrix} s_{11} &amp;amp; s_{12} &amp;amp; s_{13} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 \\ s_{12} &amp;amp; s_{22} &amp;amp; s_{23} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 \\ s_{13} &amp;amp; s_{23} &amp;amp; s_{33} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 \\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; s_{44} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; s_{55} &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; s_{66} \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} \frac{1}{E_{1}} &amp;amp; -\frac{\nu _{21}}{E_2} &amp;amp; -\frac{\nu _{31}}{E_3} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 \\ -\frac{\nu _{12}}{E_1} &amp;amp; \frac{1}{E_{2}} &amp;amp; -\frac{\nu _{32}}{E_3} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 \\ -\frac{\nu _{13}}{E_1} &amp;amp; -\frac{\nu _{23}}{E_2} &amp;amp; \frac{1}{E_{3}} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 \\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; \frac{1}{G_{23}} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; \frac{1}{G_{31}} &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; \frac{1}{G_{12}} \end{bmatrix}}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG style="DISPLAY: block; FLOAT: none; MARGIN-LEFT: auto; MARGIN-RIGHT: auto" title="{\color{red} \begin{bmatrix} s_{11} &amp;amp; s_{12} &amp;amp; s_{13} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 \\ s_{12} &amp;amp; s_{22} &amp;amp; s_{23} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 \\ s_{13} &amp;amp; s_{23} &amp;amp; s_{33} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 \\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; s_{44} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; s_{55} &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; s_{66} \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} \frac{1}{E_{1}} &amp;amp; -\frac{\nu _{21}}{E_2} &amp;amp; -\frac{\nu _{31}}{E_3} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 \\ -\frac{\nu _{12}}{E_1} &amp;amp; \frac{1}{E_{2}} &amp;amp; -\frac{\nu _{32}}{E_3} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 \\ -\frac{\nu _{13}}{E_1} &amp;amp; -\frac{\nu _{23}}{E_2} &amp;amp; \frac{1}{E_{3}} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 \\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; \frac{1}{G_{23}} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; \frac{1}{G_{31}} &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; \frac{1}{G_{12}} \end{bmatrix}}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?{\color{red} \begin{bmatrix} s_{11} &amp;amp; s_{12} &amp;amp; s_{13} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 \\ s_{12} &amp;amp; s_{22} &amp;amp; s_{23} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 \\ s_{13} &amp;amp; s_{23} &amp;amp; s_{33} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 \\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; s_{44} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; s_{55} &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; s_{66} \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} \frac{1}{E_{1}} &amp;amp; -\frac{\nu _{21}}{E_2} &amp;amp; -\frac{\nu _{31}}{E_3} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 \\ -\frac{\nu _{12}}{E_1} &amp;amp; \frac{1}{E_{2}} &amp;amp; -\frac{\nu _{32}}{E_3} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 \\ -\frac{\nu _{13}}{E_1} &amp;amp; -\frac{\nu _{23}}{E_2} &amp;amp; \frac{1}{E_{3}} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 \\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; \frac{1}{G_{23}} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; \frac{1}{G_{31}} &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; \frac{1}{G_{12}} \end{bmatrix}}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;그런데 분명, orthotropic material 은 independent 한 변수를 9개 가진다고 했는데, 여기에는 다음과 같이 12 개가 있다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;However, there is 12 variables although that the orthotropic has only 9 independent variables.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=E_{1}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title=E_{1} src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?E_{1}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&amp;nbsp; , &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=E_{2}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title=E_{2} src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?E_{2}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&amp;nbsp; , &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=E_{3}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title=E_{3} src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?E_{3}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=G_{23}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title=G_{23} src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?G_{23}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&amp;nbsp; , &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=G_{31}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title=G_{31} src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?G_{31}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&amp;nbsp; , &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=G_{12}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title=G_{12} src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?G_{12}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\nu _{12}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title="\nu _{12}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\nu _{12}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&amp;nbsp; , &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\nu _{23}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title="\nu _{23}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\nu _{23}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&amp;nbsp; , &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\nu _{31}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title="\nu _{31}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\nu _{31}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\nu _{21}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title="\nu _{21}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\nu _{21}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&amp;nbsp; , &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\nu _{32}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title="\nu _{32}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\nu _{32}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&amp;nbsp; , &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\nu _{13}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title="\nu _{13}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\nu _{13}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;여기서 주의 할 것은 &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;In this case, we need to watch out the relation of below.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\nu _{ij}\neq \nu _{ji}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG style="DISPLAY: block; FLOAT: none; MARGIN-LEFT: auto; MARGIN-RIGHT: auto" title="\nu _{ij}\neq \nu _{ji}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\nu _{ij}\neq \nu _{ji}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;이라는 것이다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;변수 12개를 9개로 줄이는 방법은 다음 포스트에 이어지니 다음 포스트를 기다려 주세요!&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;The technique to reducing the 12 variable to 9 variable will be presented on next post! Please wait for the next post!&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3375258788775543649-1909147451789280182?l=spaceflux-textcube.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://spaceflux-textcube.blogspot.com/feeds/1909147451789280182/comments/default' title='댓글'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://spaceflux-textcube.blogspot.com/2009/07/ae522-16-engineering-properties-for.html#comment-form' title='0개의 덧글'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3375258788775543649/posts/default/1909147451789280182'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3375258788775543649/posts/default/1909147451789280182'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://spaceflux-textcube.blogspot.com/2009/07/ae522-16-engineering-properties-for.html' title='AE522 1.6 Engineering Properties for Orthotropic Material'/><author><name>nadajim</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16860058226668979333</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3375258788775543649.post-4035555146805728908</id><published>2009-07-21T14:00:00.000-04:00</published><updated>2011-01-29T08:25:54.095-05:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='stiffness matrix'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='AE522 Composite Material'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='AE Study'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Matrix'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='orthotropic material'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='compliance matrix'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='AE522'/><title type='text'>AE522 1.5 Compliance and Stiffness Matrix of Otrhotropic Matrial</title><content type='html'>&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Orthotropic material 의 compliance 와 stiffness matrix 는 1, 2, 3 행 4, 5, 6 열 과 4, 5, 6 행 1, 2, 3 열 이 모두 0 이기 때문에 더 간단히 나타낼 수 있다. 간단한 것은 언제나 좋다. ^^&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;The compliance and stiffness matrix of orthotropic material can be simplified because they have their value 0 for row 1, 2, 3, column 4, 5, 6, and row 4, 5, 6 and column 1, 2, 3. Simple is always good for us. ^^&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Stiffness matrix 를 쓴 경우는 원래 6 x 6 matrix 로 이렇게 표현 하였다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Originally, stiffness matrix was expressed as below when 6 x 6 matrix was used.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\begin{Bmatrix} \sigma _{1}\\ \sigma _{2}\\ \sigma _{3}\\ \tau _{23}\\ \tau _{31}\\ \tau _{12} \end{Bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} c_{11} &amp;amp; c_{12} &amp;amp; c_{12} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ c_{12} &amp;amp; c_{11} &amp;amp; c_{12} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ c_{12} &amp;amp; c_{12} &amp;amp; c_{11} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; c_{44} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; c_{55} &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; c_{66} \end{bmatrix} \begin{Bmatrix} \epsilon _{1}\\ \epsilon _{2}\\ \epsilon _{3}\\ \gamma _{23}\\ \gamma _{31}\\ \gamma _{12} \end{Bmatrix}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG style="DISPLAY: block; FLOAT: none; MARGIN-LEFT: auto; MARGIN-RIGHT: auto" title="\begin{Bmatrix} \sigma _{1}\\ \sigma _{2}\\ \sigma _{3}\\ \tau _{23}\\ \tau _{31}\\ \tau _{12} \end{Bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} c_{11} &amp;amp; c_{12} &amp;amp; c_{12} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ c_{12} &amp;amp; c_{11} &amp;amp; c_{12} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ c_{12} &amp;amp; c_{12} &amp;amp; c_{11} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; c_{44} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; c_{55} &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; c_{66} \end{bmatrix} \begin{Bmatrix} \epsilon _{1}\\ \epsilon _{2}\\ \epsilon _{3}\\ \gamma _{23}\\ \gamma _{31}\\ \gamma _{12} \end{Bmatrix}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\begin{Bmatrix} \sigma _{1}\\ \sigma _{2}\\ \sigma _{3}\\ \tau _{23}\\ \tau _{31}\\ \tau _{12} \end{Bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} c_{11} &amp;amp; c_{12} &amp;amp; c_{12} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ c_{12} &amp;amp; c_{11} &amp;amp; c_{12} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ c_{12} &amp;amp; c_{12} &amp;amp; c_{11} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; c_{44} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; c_{55} &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; c_{66} \end{bmatrix} \begin{Bmatrix} \epsilon _{1}\\ \epsilon _{2}\\ \epsilon _{3}\\ \gamma _{23}\\ \gamma _{31}\\ \gamma _{12} \end{Bmatrix}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;이걸 3 x 3 matrix 로 간단히 표시하면 다음과 같이 표현 할 수 있다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Now, if it is simplified, it can be expressed like ths;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\begin{Bmatrix} \sigma _{1}\\ \sigma _{2}\\ \sigma _{3} \end{Bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} c_{11} &amp;amp; c_{12} &amp;amp; c_{13} \\ c_{12} &amp;amp; c_{22} &amp;amp; c_{23} \\ c_{13} &amp;amp; c_{23} &amp;amp; c_{33} \end{bmatrix} \begin{Bmatrix} \varepsilon _{1}\\ \varepsilon _{2}\\ \varepsilon _{3} \end{Bmatrix}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG style="DISPLAY: block; FLOAT: none; MARGIN-LEFT: auto; MARGIN-RIGHT: auto" title="\begin{Bmatrix} \sigma _{1}\\ \sigma _{2}\\ \sigma _{3} \end{Bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} c_{11} &amp;amp; c_{12} &amp;amp; c_{13} \\ c_{12} &amp;amp; c_{22} &amp;amp; c_{23} \\ c_{13} &amp;amp; c_{23} &amp;amp; c_{33} \end{bmatrix} \begin{Bmatrix} \varepsilon _{1}\\ \varepsilon _{2}\\ \varepsilon _{3} \end{Bmatrix}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\begin{Bmatrix} \sigma _{1}\\ \sigma _{2}\\ \sigma _{3} \end{Bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} c_{11} &amp;amp; c_{12} &amp;amp; c_{13} \\ c_{12} &amp;amp; c_{22} &amp;amp; c_{23} \\ c_{13} &amp;amp; c_{23} &amp;amp; c_{33} \end{bmatrix} \begin{Bmatrix} \varepsilon _{1}\\ \varepsilon _{2}\\ \varepsilon _{3} \end{Bmatrix}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\begin{Bmatrix} \tau _{23}\\ \tau _{31}\\ \tau _{12} \end{Bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} c_{44} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 \\ 0 &amp;amp; c_{55} &amp;amp; 0 \\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; c_{66} \end{bmatrix} \begin{Bmatrix} \gamma _{23}\\ \gamma _{31}\\ \gamma _{12} \end{Bmatrix}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG style="DISPLAY: block; FLOAT: none; MARGIN-LEFT: auto; MARGIN-RIGHT: auto" title="\begin{Bmatrix} \tau _{23}\\ \tau _{31}\\ \tau _{12} \end{Bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} c_{44} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 \\ 0 &amp;amp; c_{55} &amp;amp; 0 \\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; c_{66} \end{bmatrix} \begin{Bmatrix} \gamma _{23}\\ \gamma _{31}\\ \gamma _{12} \end{Bmatrix}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\begin{Bmatrix} \tau _{23}\\ \tau _{31}\\ \tau _{12} \end{Bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} c_{44} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 \\ 0 &amp;amp; c_{55} &amp;amp; 0 \\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; c_{66} \end{bmatrix} \begin{Bmatrix} \gamma _{23}\\ \gamma _{31}\\ \gamma _{12} \end{Bmatrix}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Compliance matrix 를 쓴 경우 원래 6 x 6 matrix 로 이렇게 표기 하였다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Originally, compliance matrix was expressed as below when 6 x 6 matrix was used.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\begin{Bmatrix} \epsilon _{1}\\ \epsilon _{2}\\ \epsilon _{3}\\ \gamma _{23}\\ \gamma _{31}\\ \gamma _{12} \end{Bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} s_{11} &amp;amp; s_{12} &amp;amp; s_{12} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ s_{12} &amp;amp; s_{11} &amp;amp; s_{12} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ s_{12} &amp;amp; s_{12} &amp;amp; s_{11} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; s_{44} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; s_{55} &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; s_{66} \end{bmatrix} \begin{Bmatrix} \sigma _{1}\\ \sigma _{2}\\ \sigma _{3}\\ \tau _{23}\\ \tau _{31}\\ \tau _{12} \end{Bmatrix}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG style="DISPLAY: block; FLOAT: none; MARGIN-LEFT: auto; MARGIN-RIGHT: auto" title="\begin{Bmatrix} \epsilon _{1}\\ \epsilon _{2}\\ \epsilon _{3}\\ \gamma _{23}\\ \gamma _{31}\\ \gamma _{12} \end{Bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} s_{11} &amp;amp; s_{12} &amp;amp; s_{12} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ s_{12} &amp;amp; s_{11} &amp;amp; s_{12} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ s_{12} &amp;amp; s_{12} &amp;amp; s_{11} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; s_{44} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; s_{55} &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; s_{66} \end{bmatrix} \begin{Bmatrix} \sigma _{1}\\ \sigma _{2}\\ \sigma _{3}\\ \tau _{23}\\ \tau _{31}\\ \tau _{12} \end{Bmatrix}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\begin{Bmatrix} \epsilon _{1}\\ \epsilon _{2}\\ \epsilon _{3}\\ \gamma _{23}\\ \gamma _{31}\\ \gamma _{12} \end{Bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} s_{11} &amp;amp; s_{12} &amp;amp; s_{12} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ s_{12} &amp;amp; s_{11} &amp;amp; s_{12} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ s_{12} &amp;amp; s_{12} &amp;amp; s_{11} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; s_{44} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; s_{55} &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; s_{66} \end{bmatrix} \begin{Bmatrix} \sigma _{1}\\ \sigma _{2}\\ \sigma _{3}\\ \tau _{23}\\ \tau _{31}\\ \tau _{12} \end{Bmatrix}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;이걸 3 x 3 matrix 로 간단히 표시하면 다음과 같이 표현 할 수 있다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;It can be simplifed as below by 3 x 3 matrx.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\begin{Bmatrix} \varepsilon _{1}\\ \varepsilon _{2}\\ \varepsilon _{3} \end{Bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} s_{11} &amp;amp; s_{12} &amp;amp; s_{13} \\ s_{12} &amp;amp; s_{22} &amp;amp; s_{23} \\ s_{13} &amp;amp; s_{23} &amp;amp; s_{33} \end{bmatrix} \begin{Bmatrix} \sigma _{1}\\ \sigma _{2}\\ \sigma _{3} \end{Bmatrix}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG style="DISPLAY: block; FLOAT: none; MARGIN-LEFT: auto; MARGIN-RIGHT: auto" title="\begin{Bmatrix} \varepsilon _{1}\\ \varepsilon _{2}\\ \varepsilon _{3} \end{Bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} s_{11} &amp;amp; s_{12} &amp;amp; s_{13} \\ s_{12} &amp;amp; s_{22} &amp;amp; s_{23} \\ s_{13} &amp;amp; s_{23} &amp;amp; s_{33} \end{bmatrix} \begin{Bmatrix} \sigma _{1}\\ \sigma _{2}\\ \sigma _{3} \end{Bmatrix}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\begin{Bmatrix} \varepsilon _{1}\\ \varepsilon _{2}\\ \varepsilon _{3} \end{Bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} s_{11} &amp;amp; s_{12} &amp;amp; s_{13} \\ s_{12} &amp;amp; s_{22} &amp;amp; s_{23} \\ s_{13} &amp;amp; s_{23} &amp;amp; s_{33} \end{bmatrix} \begin{Bmatrix} \sigma _{1}\\ \sigma _{2}\\ \sigma _{3} \end{Bmatrix}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\begin{Bmatrix} \gamma _{23}\\ \gamma _{31}\\ \gamma _{12} \end{Bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} s_{44} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 \\ 0 &amp;amp; s_{55} &amp;amp; 0 \\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; s_{66} \end{bmatrix} \begin{Bmatrix} \tau _{23}\\ \tau _{31}\\ \tau _{12} \end{Bmatrix}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG style="DISPLAY: block; FLOAT: none; MARGIN-LEFT: auto; MARGIN-RIGHT: auto" title="\begin{Bmatrix} \gamma _{23}\\ \gamma _{31}\\ \gamma _{12} \end{Bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} s_{44} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 \\ 0 &amp;amp; s_{55} &amp;amp; 0 \\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; s_{66} \end{bmatrix} \begin{Bmatrix} \tau _{23}\\ \tau _{31}\\ \tau _{12} \end{Bmatrix}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\begin{Bmatrix} \gamma _{23}\\ \gamma _{31}\\ \gamma _{12} \end{Bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} s_{44} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 \\ 0 &amp;amp; s_{55} &amp;amp; 0 \\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; s_{66} \end{bmatrix} \begin{Bmatrix} \tau _{23}\\ \tau _{31}\\ \tau _{12} \end{Bmatrix}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;이런 식으로 orthotropic material 의 compliance 와 stiffness matrix 가 친숙한 3 x 3 matrix 로 간단히 표현 될 수 있다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;간단하게 표현됨으로써 얻는 점은 복잡할 때는 잘 보이지 않던 것이 잘 보이게 된다는 것이다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;이렇게 간단하게 표현해서 뭘 얻는지는 다음 포스트에서 확인 할 수 있다. ;)&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;As above, the compliance and stiffness matrix of orthotropic material can be expressed as 3 x 3 matrix which is more simple and familiar.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;Now we may find which coundn't found when it was complicate.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;You can check what can we find from that on next post.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;한가지 미리 알려드리자면, orthotropic material 은 normal stress - strain relation 과 shear stress - strain relation 은 coupling 되어있지 않다는 것이다. 즉, 따로 따로 가지고 놀 수 있다는 것이다.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;In addition as instance, the orthotropic material is decoupled for the normal strss - strain relation ans shear stress strain relation, which means we can play with them separately.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3375258788775543649-4035555146805728908?l=spaceflux-textcube.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://spaceflux-textcube.blogspot.com/feeds/4035555146805728908/comments/default' title='댓글'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://spaceflux-textcube.blogspot.com/2009/07/ae522-15-compliance-and-stiffness.html#comment-form' title='0개의 덧글'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3375258788775543649/posts/default/4035555146805728908'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3375258788775543649/posts/default/4035555146805728908'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://spaceflux-textcube.blogspot.com/2009/07/ae522-15-compliance-and-stiffness.html' title='AE522 1.5 Compliance and Stiffness Matrix of Otrhotropic Matrial'/><author><name>nadajim</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16860058226668979333</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3375258788775543649.post-7252993810976637380</id><published>2009-07-20T14:00:00.000-04:00</published><updated>2011-01-29T08:25:54.041-05:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='stiffness matrix'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='AE522 Composite Material'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='AE Study'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='stress tensor'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='STRESS'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='strain'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='strain tensor'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='compliance matrix'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='AE522'/><title type='text'>AE522 1.4 Compliance Matrix and Stiffness Matrix</title><content type='html'>&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Compliance Matrix 가 뭐고 Stiffness Matrix 가 무엇이라고 하면, 다음 행렬의 관계를 보면 쉽게 이해 될 수 있다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;If you check the relation of matrixes below, you may catch what is Compliance Matrix and Stiffness Matrix.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\left \{ \sigma \right \}_{1\, 2\, 3}=\left [ c \right ]\left \{ \varepsilon \right \}_{1\, 2\, 3}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG style="DISPLAY: block; FLOAT: none; MARGIN-LEFT: auto; MARGIN-RIGHT: auto" title="\left \{ \sigma \right \}_{1\, 2\, 3}=\left [ c \right ]\left \{ \varepsilon \right \}_{1\, 2\, 3}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\left \{ \sigma \right \}_{1\, 2\, 3}=\left [ c \right ]\left \{ \varepsilon \right \}_{1\, 2\, 3}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\left \{ \varepsilon \right \}_{1\, 2\, 3}=\left [ s \right ]\left \{ \sigma \right \}_{1\, 2\, 3}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG style="DISPLAY: block; FLOAT: none; MARGIN-LEFT: auto; MARGIN-RIGHT: auto" title="\left \{ \varepsilon \right \}_{1\, 2\, 3}=\left [ s \right ]\left \{ \sigma \right \}_{1\, 2\, 3}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\left \{ \varepsilon \right \}_{1\, 2\, 3}=\left [ s \right ]\left \{ \sigma \right \}_{1\, 2\, 3}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;위의 수식은 stress tensor &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\left \{ \sigma \right \}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title="\left \{ \sigma \right \}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\left \{ \sigma \right \}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; 와 strain tensor &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\left \{ \varepsilon \right \}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title="\left \{ \varepsilon \right \}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\left \{ \varepsilon \right \}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; 가 서로 뒤바뀐 수식이다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;둘 다 stress 와 strain 의 관계를 연결 시켜주는 인자 이지만 서로 반대로 이어주고 있다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;On the equation above, the stress tensor &lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\left \{ \sigma \right \}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title="\left \{ \sigma \right \}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\left \{ \sigma \right \}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;and strain tensor &lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\left \{ \varepsilon \right \}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title="\left \{ \varepsilon \right \}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\left \{ \varepsilon \right \}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&amp;nbsp;are switched.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Both of them are relate the stress and strain but they connect them opposite ways.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Stiffness Matrix 는 이름 그대로 어떤 물질의 stiffness 를 나타내고 다음과 같이 나타낸다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Like as its name, stiffness matrix express stiffness of a material and it can be expressed as below.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\left [ c \right ]" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG style="DISPLAY: block; FLOAT: none; MARGIN-LEFT: auto; MARGIN-RIGHT: auto" title="\left [ c \right ]" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\left [ c \right ]"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Compliance Matrix 는 stiffness matrix 의 역행렬 이다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Compliance matrix is inverted matrix of stiffness matrix. &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\left [ s \right ]" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG style="DISPLAY: block; FLOAT: none; MARGIN-LEFT: auto; MARGIN-RIGHT: auto" title="\left [ s \right ]" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\left [ s \right ]"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;둘의 관계는 역행렬 관계 이므로 다음과 같이 나타낼 수 있다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;The relationship of two of them can be expressed like this;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\left [ s \right ]=\left [ c \right ]^{-1}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG style="DISPLAY: block; FLOAT: none; MARGIN-LEFT: auto; MARGIN-RIGHT: auto" title="\left [ s \right ]=\left [ c \right ]^{-1}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\left [ s \right ]=\left [ c \right ]^{-1}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;여기서 compliance matrix 는 이름은 c 로 시작하지만, matrix 는 &lt;IMG title="\left [ s \right ]" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\left [ s \right ]"&gt;&amp;nbsp;로 표기 하고, stiffness matrix 는 이름은 s 로 시작하지만, matrix 는 &lt;IMG title="\left [ c \right ]" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\left [ c \right ]"&gt;&amp;nbsp;로 표기 한다는 것을 유념하자. 서로 반대이다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Note that compliance matrix is denoted as &lt;IMG title="\left [ s \right ]" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\left [ s \right ]"&gt;&amp;nbsp;although its name starts with c, and stiffness matrix is denoted as &lt;IMG title="\left [ c \right ]" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\left [ c \right ]"&gt;&amp;nbsp;although its name starts with s. Both of them are opposite.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P align=left&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;앞으로 이 &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\left [ c \right ]" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title="\left [ c \right ]" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\left [ c \right ]"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; 와 &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\left [ s \right ]" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title="\left [ s \right ]" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\left [ s \right ]"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; 에 대해서 자세하게 탐구하게 된다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;We will research about &lt;IMG title="\left [ c \right ]" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\left [ c \right ]"&gt;, &lt;IMG title="\left [ s \right ]" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\left [ s \right ]"&gt;&amp;nbsp;intensively.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3375258788775543649-7252993810976637380?l=spaceflux-textcube.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://spaceflux-textcube.blogspot.com/feeds/7252993810976637380/comments/default' title='댓글'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://spaceflux-textcube.blogspot.com/2009/07/ae522-14-compliance-matrix-and.html#comment-form' title='0개의 덧글'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3375258788775543649/posts/default/7252993810976637380'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3375258788775543649/posts/default/7252993810976637380'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://spaceflux-textcube.blogspot.com/2009/07/ae522-14-compliance-matrix-and.html' title='AE522 1.4 Compliance Matrix and Stiffness Matrix'/><author><name>nadajim</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16860058226668979333</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3375258788775543649.post-6733252090651619297</id><published>2009-07-17T15:21:00.000-04:00</published><updated>2011-01-29T08:25:53.873-05:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='AE Study'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='symetrical matrix'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='modulus of elasticity'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='anisotropic material'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='isotropic material'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='STRESS'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='strain'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Hooke&apos;s Law'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='monoclinic material'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='AE522'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='stiffness matrix'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='AE522 Composite Material'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='trensverse isotropic material'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Poisson&apos;s ratio'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='shear modulus'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='composite material'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='orthotropic material'/><title type='text'>AE522 1.3 Types of Stress and Strain Relation</title><content type='html'>&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;이전까지는 Solid Mechanics 의 복습이라 할 수 있었다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;이제 본격적으로 composite material 에 관련된 것을 살펴보자.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;세상에는 여러 종류의 물질들이 있고 제각기 다른 특징을 갖는다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;물질의 material property 에 대한 대칭성으로 분류를 한다면 다음과 같은 종류의 stress 와 strain 관계들로 나눌 수 있다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Previous lectures are could be said as review of Solid Mechanics.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Now, let's talk about composite material.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;The materials in the world have its own characteristic.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;If we classify by symmetricity of material property, there can be these kinds of stress and strain relations.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=5 face=Arial&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;1D Hooke’s Law for Isotropic Material&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;HR color=#000000 SIZE=1&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Normal stress 에 대해서는 다음과 같다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;The Hooke's Law can be discribed like this for normal stress;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\sigma =E\varepsilon" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG style="DISPLAY: block; FLOAT: none; MARGIN-LEFT: auto; MARGIN-RIGHT: auto" title="\sigma =E\varepsilon" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\sigma =E\varepsilon"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Shear stress 에 대해서는 다음과 같다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;For shear stress, it can be expressed like this;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\tau =G\gamma" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG style="DISPLAY: block; FLOAT: none; MARGIN-LEFT: auto; MARGIN-RIGHT: auto" title="\tau =G\gamma" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\tau =G\gamma"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;여기서 E 는 modulus of elasticity (탄성율) 이고, G 는 shear modulus (전단 탄성율) 이다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;이 식은 1D 즉 1 차원의 수식이기 때문에 E 와 G 는 &lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;U&gt;1 차원 상수&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt; 이다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;이 둘의 관계는 다음과 같다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;E is modulus of elasticity and, G is shear modulus.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;E and G are 1 dimetional constants, because the equation is for 1D.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;The two of them has this relationship;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=G=\frac{E}{2(1+\nu )}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG style="DISPLAY: block; FLOAT: none; MARGIN-LEFT: auto; MARGIN-RIGHT: auto" title="G=\frac{E}{2(1+\nu )}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?G=\frac{E}{2(1+\nu )}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;여기서&amp;nbsp; &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\nu" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title=\nu src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\nu"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; 는 poisson’s ratio 이다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;참고로 poisson’s ratio 에 대해서 설명 하자면, &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\varepsilon _{x}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title="\varepsilon _{x}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\varepsilon _{x}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; 가 x 방향 길이 strain 이고, &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\varepsilon _{y}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title="\varepsilon _{y}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\varepsilon _{y}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; 가 y 방향 길이 strain 이라면, &lt;IMG title=\nu src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\nu"&gt; 은 다음과 같이 정의 될 수 있다. &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;On this equation, &lt;IMG title=\nu src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\nu"&gt;&amp;nbsp;is poisson's ratio.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;For referance, if &lt;IMG title="\varepsilon _{x}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\varepsilon _{x}"&gt;&amp;nbsp;is length strain of x direction, and &lt;IMG title="\varepsilon _{y}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\varepsilon _{y}"&gt;&amp;nbsp;is length strain of y direction, &lt;IMG title=\nu src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\nu"&gt;&amp;nbsp;can be defined as below.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\nu _{yx} =-\frac{\varepsilon _{x}}{\varepsilon _{y}}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG style="DISPLAY: block; FLOAT: none; MARGIN-LEFT: auto; MARGIN-RIGHT: auto" title="\nu _{yx} =-\frac{\varepsilon _{x}}{\varepsilon _{y}}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\nu _{yx} =-\frac{\varepsilon _{x}}{\varepsilon _{y}}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;즉, 가로 strain 과 세로 strain 의 비율 이다. &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;It's the ratio of strain of x direction and y direction.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=5 face=Arial&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;Anisotropic Material&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;HR color=#000000 SIZE=1&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;이제부터는 3D 즉 3 차원으로 물질의 stress, strain&amp;nbsp; 관계로 보겠다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Anisotropic material 은 다음과 같이 나타낼 수 있다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Now, let's discuss about stress and strain relation of materials in 3D condition.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Anisotropic material can be expressed like below.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\left \{ \sigma \right \}=\left [ c \right ]\left \{ \varepsilon \right \}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG style="DISPLAY: block; FLOAT: none; MARGIN-LEFT: auto; MARGIN-RIGHT: auto" title="\left \{ \sigma \right \}=\left [ c \right ]\left \{ \varepsilon \right \}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\left \{ \sigma \right \}=\left [ c \right ]\left \{ \varepsilon \right \}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\begin{Bmatrix} \sigma _{1}\\ \sigma _{2}\\ \sigma _{3}\\ \tau _{23}\\ \tau _{31}\\ \tau _{12} \end{Bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} c_{11} &amp;amp; c_{12} &amp;amp; c_{13} &amp;amp; c_{14} &amp;amp; c_{15} &amp;amp; c_{16}\\ c_{21} &amp;amp; c_{22} &amp;amp; c_{23} &amp;amp; c_{24} &amp;amp; c_{25} &amp;amp; c_{26}\\ c_{31} &amp;amp; c_{32} &amp;amp; c_{33} &amp;amp; c_{34} &amp;amp; c_{35} &amp;amp; c_{36}\\ c_{41} &amp;amp; c_{42} &amp;amp; c_{43} &amp;amp; c_{44} &amp;amp; c_{45} &amp;amp; c_{46}\\ c_{51} &amp;amp; c_{52} &amp;amp; c_{53} &amp;amp; c_{54} &amp;amp; c_{55} &amp;amp; c_{56}\\ c_{61} &amp;amp; c_{62} &amp;amp; c_{63} &amp;amp; c_{64} &amp;amp; c_{65} &amp;amp; c_{66} \end{bmatrix} \begin{Bmatrix} \epsilon _{1}\\ \epsilon _{2}\\ \epsilon _{3}\\ \gamma _{23}\\ \gamma _{31}\\ \gamma _{12} \end{Bmatrix}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG style="DISPLAY: block; FLOAT: none; MARGIN-LEFT: auto; MARGIN-RIGHT: auto" title="\begin{Bmatrix} \sigma _{1}\\ \sigma _{2}\\ \sigma _{3}\\ \tau _{23}\\ \tau _{31}\\ \tau _{12} \end{Bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} c_{11} &amp;amp; c_{12} &amp;amp; c_{13} &amp;amp; c_{14} &amp;amp; c_{15} &amp;amp; c_{16}\\ c_{21} &amp;amp; c_{22} &amp;amp; c_{23} &amp;amp; c_{24} &amp;amp; c_{25} &amp;amp; c_{26}\\ c_{31} &amp;amp; c_{32} &amp;amp; c_{33} &amp;amp; c_{34} &amp;amp; c_{35} &amp;amp; c_{36}\\ c_{41} &amp;amp; c_{42} &amp;amp; c_{43} &amp;amp; c_{44} &amp;amp; c_{45} &amp;amp; c_{46}\\ c_{51} &amp;amp; c_{52} &amp;amp; c_{53} &amp;amp; c_{54} &amp;amp; c_{55} &amp;amp; c_{56}\\ c_{61} &amp;amp; c_{62} &amp;amp; c_{63} &amp;amp; c_{64} &amp;amp; c_{65} &amp;amp; c_{66} \end{bmatrix} \begin{Bmatrix} \epsilon _{1}\\ \epsilon _{2}\\ \epsilon _{3}\\ \gamma _{23}\\ \gamma _{31}\\ \gamma _{12} \end{Bmatrix}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\begin{Bmatrix} \sigma _{1}\\ \sigma _{2}\\ \sigma _{3}\\ \tau _{23}\\ \tau _{31}\\ \tau _{12} \end{Bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} c_{11} &amp;amp; c_{12} &amp;amp; c_{13} &amp;amp; c_{14} &amp;amp; c_{15} &amp;amp; c_{16}\\ c_{21} &amp;amp; c_{22} &amp;amp; c_{23} &amp;amp; c_{24} &amp;amp; c_{25} &amp;amp; c_{26}\\ c_{31} &amp;amp; c_{32} &amp;amp; c_{33} &amp;amp; c_{34} &amp;amp; c_{35} &amp;amp; c_{36}\\ c_{41} &amp;amp; c_{42} &amp;amp; c_{43} &amp;amp; c_{44} &amp;amp; c_{45} &amp;amp; c_{46}\\ c_{51} &amp;amp; c_{52} &amp;amp; c_{53} &amp;amp; c_{54} &amp;amp; c_{55} &amp;amp; c_{56}\\ c_{61} &amp;amp; c_{62} &amp;amp; c_{63} &amp;amp; c_{64} &amp;amp; c_{65} &amp;amp; c_{66} \end{bmatrix} \begin{Bmatrix} \epsilon _{1}\\ \epsilon _{2}\\ \epsilon _{3}\\ \gamma _{23}\\ \gamma _{31}\\ \gamma _{12} \end{Bmatrix}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\left [ c \right ]" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title="\left [ c \right ]" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\left [ c \right ]"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; 를 stiffness matrix 라고 하는데, 1D Hooke’s law 에서 E 나 G 의 역할을 하는 행렬 이다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;여기서 &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=c_{ij}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title=c_{ij} src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?c_{ij}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; 는 모두 다른 변수 이다. 물론 값은 같을 수도 있지만, 다를 수도 있다는 것이다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;하지만 이런 경우는 존재 하지 않고, 다음을 만족시켜야 한다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title="\left [ c \right ]" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\left [ c \right ]"&gt;&amp;nbsp;is called as stiffness matrix, and it act like E or G of 1D Hooke’s law.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;In this case, each of &lt;IMG title=c_{ij} src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?c_{ij}"&gt;&amp;nbsp;are different variables. Ofcourse it can have same value but still it can have different values.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;However, this case does not exist in real world, and it need to satisfy below.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=c_{ij}=c_{ji}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG style="DISPLAY: block; FLOAT: none; MARGIN-LEFT: auto; MARGIN-RIGHT: auto" title=c_{ij}=c_{ji} src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?c_{ij}=c_{ji}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;즉 symetrical matrix 가 되어야 한다. 그래서 다음과 같이 나타낼 수 있다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;It have to be a symetrical matrix. So, we can rewrite as below. &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\begin{Bmatrix} \sigma _{1}\\ \sigma _{2}\\ \sigma _{3}\\ \tau _{23}\\ \tau _{31}\\ \tau _{12} \end{Bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} c_{11} &amp;amp; c_{12} &amp;amp; c_{13} &amp;amp; c_{14} &amp;amp; c_{15} &amp;amp; c_{16}\\ c_{12} &amp;amp; c_{22} &amp;amp; c_{23} &amp;amp; c_{24} &amp;amp; c_{25} &amp;amp; c_{26}\\ c_{13} &amp;amp; c_{23} &amp;amp; c_{33} &amp;amp; c_{34} &amp;amp; c_{35} &amp;amp; c_{36}\\ c_{14} &amp;amp; c_{24} &amp;amp; c_{34} &amp;amp; c_{44} &amp;amp; c_{45} &amp;amp; c_{46}\\ c_{15} &amp;amp; c_{25} &amp;amp; c_{35} &amp;amp; c_{45} &amp;amp; c_{55} &amp;amp; c_{56}\\ c_{16} &amp;amp; c_{26} &amp;amp; c_{36} &amp;amp; c_{46} &amp;amp; c_{56} &amp;amp; c_{66} \end{bmatrix} \begin{Bmatrix} \epsilon _{1}\\ \epsilon _{2}\\ \epsilon _{3}\\ \gamma _{23}\\ \gamma _{31}\\ \gamma _{12} \end{Bmatrix}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG style="DISPLAY: block; FLOAT: none; MARGIN-LEFT: auto; MARGIN-RIGHT: auto" title="\begin{Bmatrix} \sigma _{1}\\ \sigma _{2}\\ \sigma _{3}\\ \tau _{23}\\ \tau _{31}\\ \tau _{12} \end{Bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} c_{11} &amp;amp; c_{12} &amp;amp; c_{13} &amp;amp; c_{14} &amp;amp; c_{15} &amp;amp; c_{16}\\ c_{12} &amp;amp; c_{22} &amp;amp; c_{23} &amp;amp; c_{24} &amp;amp; c_{25} &amp;amp; c_{26}\\ c_{13} &amp;amp; c_{23} &amp;amp; c_{33} &amp;amp; c_{34} &amp;amp; c_{35} &amp;amp; c_{36}\\ c_{14} &amp;amp; c_{24} &amp;amp; c_{34} &amp;amp; c_{44} &amp;amp; c_{45} &amp;amp; c_{46}\\ c_{15} &amp;amp; c_{25} &amp;amp; c_{35} &amp;amp; c_{45} &amp;amp; c_{55} &amp;amp; c_{56}\\ c_{16} &amp;amp; c_{26} &amp;amp; c_{36} &amp;amp; c_{46} &amp;amp; c_{56} &amp;amp; c_{66} \end{bmatrix} \begin{Bmatrix} \epsilon _{1}\\ \epsilon _{2}\\ \epsilon _{3}\\ \gamma _{23}\\ \gamma _{31}\\ \gamma _{12} \end{Bmatrix}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\begin{Bmatrix} \sigma _{1}\\ \sigma _{2}\\ \sigma _{3}\\ \tau _{23}\\ \tau _{31}\\ \tau _{12} \end{Bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} c_{11} &amp;amp; c_{12} &amp;amp; c_{13} &amp;amp; c_{14} &amp;amp; c_{15} &amp;amp; c_{16}\\ c_{12} &amp;amp; c_{22} &amp;amp; c_{23} &amp;amp; c_{24} &amp;amp; c_{25} &amp;amp; c_{26}\\ c_{13} &amp;amp; c_{23} &amp;amp; c_{33} &amp;amp; c_{34} &amp;amp; c_{35} &amp;amp; c_{36}\\ c_{14} &amp;amp; c_{24} &amp;amp; c_{34} &amp;amp; c_{44} &amp;amp; c_{45} &amp;amp; c_{46}\\ c_{15} &amp;amp; c_{25} &amp;amp; c_{35} &amp;amp; c_{45} &amp;amp; c_{55} &amp;amp; c_{56}\\ c_{16} &amp;amp; c_{26} &amp;amp; c_{36} &amp;amp; c_{46} &amp;amp; c_{56} &amp;amp; c_{66} \end{bmatrix} \begin{Bmatrix} \epsilon _{1}\\ \epsilon _{2}\\ \epsilon _{3}\\ \gamma _{23}\\ \gamma _{31}\\ \gamma _{12} \end{Bmatrix}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Anisotripic Material 은 stiffness matrix 에 21 개의 independent 한 (독립적인) 변수가 존재하게 된다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;stress 를 주는 방향에 따라서 이 물질의 strain 은 일정치 않게 변하게 된다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;또한 이 물질의 어떠한 면을 잘라서 비교해봐도 대칭성을 찾을 수가 없다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;이런 물질은 암석 같은 돌덩이 같은 것이 될 수 있다. 이런 물질은 실용적인 의미를 갖고 있지 않는다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Anisotripic Material has 21 independent variables in its stiffness matrix.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;As appling stresses, the strains of this type of material deforms irregularly depend on direction.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Moreover, the symmetricity cannot found form this type of material although compare every cross sections.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Stones or rock could be included in this type of material. This kind of materials do not have any practical meaning.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=5 face=Arial&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;Monoclinic Material&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;HR color=#000000 SIZE=1&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;만약 어떤 물질이 한 면에 대해서 symmetry (대칭) 하다면, monoclinic material 이라고 한다. &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;1-2 plane 에 대해서 symmetry 하다면, 다음과 같은 stress, strain relation 이 만들어 질 수 있다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;It a material is symmery to one plane, it could be said as monoclinic material.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;If it is symmetry for 1-2 plane, this kind of stress, strain relation can be exist.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\begin{Bmatrix} \sigma _{1}\\ \sigma _{2}\\ \sigma _{3}\\ \tau _{23}\\ \tau _{31}\\ \tau _{12} \end{Bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} c_{11} &amp;amp; c_{12} &amp;amp; c_{13} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; c_{16}\\ c_{12} &amp;amp; c_{22} &amp;amp; c_{23} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; c_{26}\\ c_{13} &amp;amp; c_{23} &amp;amp; c_{33} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; c_{36}\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; c_{44} &amp;amp; c_{45} &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; c_{45} &amp;amp; c_{55} &amp;amp; 0\\ c_{16} &amp;amp; c_{26} &amp;amp; c_{36} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; c_{66} \end{bmatrix} \begin{Bmatrix} \epsilon _{1}\\ \epsilon _{2}\\ \epsilon _{3}\\ \gamma _{23}\\ \gamma _{31}\\ \gamma _{12} \end{Bmatrix}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG style="DISPLAY: block; FLOAT: none; MARGIN-LEFT: auto; MARGIN-RIGHT: auto" title="\begin{Bmatrix} \sigma _{1}\\ \sigma _{2}\\ \sigma _{3}\\ \tau _{23}\\ \tau _{31}\\ \tau _{12} \end{Bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} c_{11} &amp;amp; c_{12} &amp;amp; c_{13} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; c_{16}\\ c_{12} &amp;amp; c_{22} &amp;amp; c_{23} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; c_{26}\\ c_{13} &amp;amp; c_{23} &amp;amp; c_{33} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; c_{36}\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; c_{44} &amp;amp; c_{45} &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; c_{45} &amp;amp; c_{55} &amp;amp; 0\\ c_{16} &amp;amp; c_{26} &amp;amp; c_{36} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; c_{66} \end{bmatrix} \begin{Bmatrix} \epsilon _{1}\\ \epsilon _{2}\\ \epsilon _{3}\\ \gamma _{23}\\ \gamma _{31}\\ \gamma _{12} \end{Bmatrix}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\begin{Bmatrix} \sigma _{1}\\ \sigma _{2}\\ \sigma _{3}\\ \tau _{23}\\ \tau _{31}\\ \tau _{12} \end{Bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} c_{11} &amp;amp; c_{12} &amp;amp; c_{13} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; c_{16}\\ c_{12} &amp;amp; c_{22} &amp;amp; c_{23} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; c_{26}\\ c_{13} &amp;amp; c_{23} &amp;amp; c_{33} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; c_{36}\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; c_{44} &amp;amp; c_{45} &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; c_{45} &amp;amp; c_{55} &amp;amp; 0\\ c_{16} &amp;amp; c_{26} &amp;amp; c_{36} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; c_{66} \end{bmatrix} \begin{Bmatrix} \epsilon _{1}\\ \epsilon _{2}\\ \epsilon _{3}\\ \gamma _{23}\\ \gamma _{31}\\ \gamma _{12} \end{Bmatrix}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Monoclinic material 은 13 개의 independent 한 변수를 갖게 된다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Monoclinic material has 13 independent variables.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=5 face=Arial&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;Orthotropic Material&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;HR color=#000000 SIZE=1&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;만약 어떤 물질이 두 orthogonal planes 에 대해서 symmetry 하다면, orthotropic material 이라고 한다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;1-2, 1-3 plane 에 대해서 symmetry 하다면, 다음과 같은 stress, strain relation 이 만들어 질 수 있다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;If a material is symmetry for two othogonal plane, it can be called as orthotropic material.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;If it is symmetry for 1-2, 1-3 planes, there can be this stress and strain relation.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\begin{Bmatrix} \sigma _{1}\\ \sigma _{2}\\ \sigma _{3}\\ \tau _{23}\\ \tau _{31}\\ \tau _{12} \end{Bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} c_{11} &amp;amp; c_{12} &amp;amp; c_{13} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ c_{12} &amp;amp; c_{22} &amp;amp; c_{23} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ c_{13} &amp;amp; c_{23} &amp;amp; c_{33} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; c_{44} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; c_{55} &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; c_{66} \end{bmatrix} \begin{Bmatrix} \epsilon _{1}\\ \epsilon _{2}\\ \epsilon _{3}\\ \gamma _{23}\\ \gamma _{31}\\ \gamma _{12} \end{Bmatrix}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG style="DISPLAY: block; FLOAT: none; MARGIN-LEFT: auto; MARGIN-RIGHT: auto" title="\begin{Bmatrix} \sigma _{1}\\ \sigma _{2}\\ \sigma _{3}\\ \tau _{23}\\ \tau _{31}\\ \tau _{12} \end{Bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} c_{11} &amp;amp; c_{12} &amp;amp; c_{13} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ c_{12} &amp;amp; c_{22} &amp;amp; c_{23} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ c_{13} &amp;amp; c_{23} &amp;amp; c_{33} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; c_{44} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; c_{55} &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; c_{66} \end{bmatrix} \begin{Bmatrix} \epsilon _{1}\\ \epsilon _{2}\\ \epsilon _{3}\\ \gamma _{23}\\ \gamma _{31}\\ \gamma _{12} \end{Bmatrix}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\begin{Bmatrix} \sigma _{1}\\ \sigma _{2}\\ \sigma _{3}\\ \tau _{23}\\ \tau _{31}\\ \tau _{12} \end{Bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} c_{11} &amp;amp; c_{12} &amp;amp; c_{13} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ c_{12} &amp;amp; c_{22} &amp;amp; c_{23} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ c_{13} &amp;amp; c_{23} &amp;amp; c_{33} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; c_{44} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; c_{55} &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; c_{66} \end{bmatrix} \begin{Bmatrix} \epsilon _{1}\\ \epsilon _{2}\\ \epsilon _{3}\\ \gamma _{23}\\ \gamma _{31}\\ \gamma _{12} \end{Bmatrix}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Orthotropic material 은 9 개의 independent 한 변수를 갖게 된다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Orthotropic material has 9 independent variables.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Orthotropic material 의 &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\left [ c \right ]" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title="\left [ c \right ]" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\left [ c \right ]"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; 를 구성하는 변수들도 역시 9 개의 변수 이다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;The number of varialbes which constitute the &amp;nbsp;&lt;IMG title="\left [ c \right ]" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\left [ c \right ]"&gt;&amp;nbsp;of orthotropic material also 9.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=E_{1}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title=E_{1} src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?E_{1}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; ,&amp;nbsp; &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=E_{2}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title=E_{2} src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?E_{2}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; ,&amp;nbsp; &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=E_{3}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title=E_{3} src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?E_{3}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=G_{23}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title=G_{23} src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?G_{23}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; ,&amp;nbsp; &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=G_{31}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title=G_{31} src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?G_{31}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; ,&amp;nbsp; &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=G_{12}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title=G_{12} src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?G_{12}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\nu _{23}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title="\nu _{23}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\nu _{23}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; ,&amp;nbsp; &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\nu _{31}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title="\nu _{31}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\nu _{31}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt; ,&amp;nbsp; &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\nu _{12}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG title="\nu _{12}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\nu _{12}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Composite material 의 한 장의 ply 또는 lamina 나 unidirection laminate 가 orthotropic material 에 속한다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;A ply, lamina or unidirectional laminate can be included in orthotropic material.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=5 face=Arial&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;Trensversely Isotropic Material&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;HR color=#000000 SIZE=1&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Trensversely isotropic 이라 함은 isotropic 상태에 충분히 가까운 상태라는 것이다. &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;만약 1-2 plane 에 대해서 laminate 가 [(0/+45/-45/90)s] 즉, 0 도, +45 도, –45 도, 90 도, 90 도, –45 , +45 도, 0 도 방향으로 laminate 를 쌓아 올렸다면, 1-2 plane&amp;nbsp; 둘래 방향으로 어느 방향으로 stress 를 작용 해도 효과는 거의 비슷하기 때문에 그 방향들로는 isotropic 하다고 가정을 하는 것이다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;이러한 재료의 stress, strain relation 은 다음과 같이 나타낼 수 있다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Trensversely isotropic means it is close enough to isotropic condition.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;It can be assumed as isotropic to the directions, because the effect came out similar enough for every directions around the 1-2 plane, when stresses are applid to that directions, if a laminate is layed up as [(0/+45/-45/90)s] , aka 0 deg, +45 deg, -45 deg, 90 deg, 90 deg, -45 deg, +45 deg, 0 deg for 1-2 plane.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Stress, strain relation can be expressed as below for this type of materials.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\begin{Bmatrix} \sigma _{1}\\ \sigma _{2}\\ \sigma _{3}\\ \tau _{23}\\ \tau _{31}\\ \tau _{12} \end{Bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} c_{11} &amp;amp; c_{12} &amp;amp; c_{13} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ c_{12} &amp;amp; c_{11} &amp;amp; c_{13} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ c_{13} &amp;amp; c_{13} &amp;amp; c_{33} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; c_{44} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; c_{44} &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; \frac{1}{2}(c_{11}-c_{12}) \end{bmatrix} \begin{Bmatrix} \epsilon _{1}\\ \epsilon _{2}\\ \epsilon _{3}\\ \gamma _{23}\\ \gamma _{31}\\ \gamma _{12} \end{Bmatrix}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG style="DISPLAY: block; FLOAT: none; MARGIN-LEFT: auto; MARGIN-RIGHT: auto" title="\begin{Bmatrix} \sigma _{1}\\ \sigma _{2}\\ \sigma _{3}\\ \tau _{23}\\ \tau _{31}\\ \tau _{12} \end{Bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} c_{11} &amp;amp; c_{12} &amp;amp; c_{13} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ c_{12} &amp;amp; c_{11} &amp;amp; c_{13} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ c_{13} &amp;amp; c_{13} &amp;amp; c_{33} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; c_{44} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; c_{44} &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; \frac{1}{2}(c_{11}-c_{12}) \end{bmatrix} \begin{Bmatrix} \epsilon _{1}\\ \epsilon _{2}\\ \epsilon _{3}\\ \gamma _{23}\\ \gamma _{31}\\ \gamma _{12} \end{Bmatrix}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\begin{Bmatrix} \sigma _{1}\\ \sigma _{2}\\ \sigma _{3}\\ \tau _{23}\\ \tau _{31}\\ \tau _{12} \end{Bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} c_{11} &amp;amp; c_{12} &amp;amp; c_{13} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ c_{12} &amp;amp; c_{11} &amp;amp; c_{13} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ c_{13} &amp;amp; c_{13} &amp;amp; c_{33} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; c_{44} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; c_{44} &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; \frac{1}{2}(c_{11}-c_{12}) \end{bmatrix} \begin{Bmatrix} \epsilon _{1}\\ \epsilon _{2}\\ \epsilon _{3}\\ \gamma _{23}\\ \gamma _{31}\\ \gamma _{12} \end{Bmatrix}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Trensversely isotropic material 은 5 개의 independent 한 변수를 갖게 된다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Trensversely isotropic material has 9 independent variables.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;FONT size=5&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;Isotropic Material&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt; &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;HR color=#000000 SIZE=1&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Isotropic material 은 어떤 방향에서든 material property 가 같기 때문에 무한의 대칭성을 갖게 된다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Isotropic material 의 stress, strain relation 은 다음과 같이 나타낼 수 있다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Isotropic materials have infinite number of symmetricity, because they have same material property for every direction.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;The stress, strain relation of isotropic material can be expressed as below.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\begin{Bmatrix} \sigma _{1}\\ \sigma _{2}\\ \sigma _{3}\\ \tau _{23}\\ \tau _{31}\\ \tau _{12} \end{Bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} c_{11} &amp;amp; c_{12} &amp;amp; c_{12} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ c_{12} &amp;amp; c_{11} &amp;amp; c_{12} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ c_{12} &amp;amp; c_{12} &amp;amp; c_{11} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; \frac{1}{2}(c_{11}-c_{12}) &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; \frac{1}{2}(c_{11}-c_{12}) &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; \frac{1}{2}(c_{11}-c_{12}) \end{bmatrix} \begin{Bmatrix} \epsilon _{1}\\ \epsilon _{2}\\ \epsilon _{3}\\ \gamma _{23}\\ \gamma _{31}\\ \gamma _{12} \end{Bmatrix}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT color=#333333 face=Arial&gt;&lt;IMG style="DISPLAY: block; FLOAT: none; MARGIN-LEFT: auto; MARGIN-RIGHT: auto" title="\begin{Bmatrix} \sigma _{1}\\ \sigma _{2}\\ \sigma _{3}\\ \tau _{23}\\ \tau _{31}\\ \tau _{12} \end{Bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} c_{11} &amp;amp; c_{12} &amp;amp; c_{12} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ c_{12} &amp;amp; c_{11} &amp;amp; c_{12} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ c_{12} &amp;amp; c_{12} &amp;amp; c_{11} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; \frac{1}{2}(c_{11}-c_{12}) &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; \frac{1}{2}(c_{11}-c_{12}) &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; \frac{1}{2}(c_{11}-c_{12}) \end{bmatrix} \begin{Bmatrix} \epsilon _{1}\\ \epsilon _{2}\\ \epsilon _{3}\\ \gamma _{23}\\ \gamma _{31}\\ \gamma _{12} \end{Bmatrix}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\begin{Bmatrix} \sigma _{1}\\ \sigma _{2}\\ \sigma _{3}\\ \tau _{23}\\ \tau _{31}\\ \tau _{12} \end{Bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} c_{11} &amp;amp; c_{12} &amp;amp; c_{12} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ c_{12} &amp;amp; c_{11} &amp;amp; c_{12} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ c_{12} &amp;amp; c_{12} &amp;amp; c_{11} &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; \frac{1}{2}(c_{11}-c_{12}) &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; \frac{1}{2}(c_{11}-c_{12}) &amp;amp; 0\\ 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; \frac{1}{2}(c_{11}-c_{12}) \end{bmatrix} \begin{Bmatrix} \epsilon _{1}\\ \epsilon _{2}\\ \epsilon _{3}\\ \gamma _{23}\\ \gamma _{31}\\ \gamma _{12} \end{Bmatrix}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Isotropic material 은 단지 2 개의 independent 한 변수를 갖게 된다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Isotropic material has only 2 independent variables.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;우리가 composite material 에서 다룰 물질들은 orthotropic 이거나 trensversely isotropic material 에 속한다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Othotropic 이거나 trensversely isotropic material 이어야 우리가 원하는 방향으로 stiffness 를 강하게 줄 수 있도록 조절 할 수 있기 때문이다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;즉, orthotropic 이거나 trensversely isotropic material 이어야 composite material 로 쓸모가 있다는 것이다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;The composite materials are mostly orthotropic or trensversely isotropic material.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;The composite materials need to be orthotropic or trensersely isotropic material so that we can give strong stiffness to the directions where we want.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Composite materials are need to be orthotropic or trensversely isotropic material for prectical use.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3375258788775543649-6733252090651619297?l=spaceflux-textcube.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://spaceflux-textcube.blogspot.com/feeds/6733252090651619297/comments/default' title='댓글'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://spaceflux-textcube.blogspot.com/2009/07/ae522-13-types-of-stress-and-strain.html#comment-form' title='0개의 덧글'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3375258788775543649/posts/default/6733252090651619297'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3375258788775543649/posts/default/6733252090651619297'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://spaceflux-textcube.blogspot.com/2009/07/ae522-13-types-of-stress-and-strain.html' title='AE522 1.3 Types of Stress and Strain Relation'/><author><name>nadajim</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16860058226668979333</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3375258788775543649.post-600999216067060642</id><published>2009-07-16T19:41:00.000-04:00</published><updated>2011-01-29T08:25:53.788-05:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='shear strain'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='normal strain'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='AE522 Composite Material'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='vector'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='AE Study'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='tensor'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='normal stress'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='scalar'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='STRESS'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='strain'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='shear stress'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='AE522'/><title type='text'>AE522 1.2 Stress and Strain</title><content type='html'>&lt;script src='http://ss.textcube.com/service/blog/script/blogger.js' type='text/javascript'&gt;&lt;/script&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=5 face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;Stress&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&lt;HR color=black SIZE=1&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&lt;div class="imageblock center" style="text-align: center; clear: both;"&gt;&lt;img src="http://ss.textcube.com/blog/2/20636/attach/XMSbzCDxVK.png" style="width:582px;height:526px;" alt=""  /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;위 그림은 1.1 Sign Convention 에서 stress 가 변형되는 기울기를 0 으로 두고 간단하게 바꾼 그림이다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;The above is the figure simplified the figure in 1.1 Sign Convention by putting the slope to 0.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;이 것을 수식으로 간단히 표현을 하자면 다음과 같이 표현 할 수 있다.&lt;br /&gt;It could be expressed as a simple equation like this:&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\sigma _{i j}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&lt;IMG title="\sigma _{i j}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\sigma _{i j}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;where, &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=i, j = x, y, z" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&lt;IMG title="i, j = x, y, z" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?i, j = x,y, z"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt; &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=i, j = 1, 2, 3" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&lt;IMG title="i, j = 1, 2, 3" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?i, j = 1, 2, 3"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt; &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;if &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=i = j" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&lt;IMG title="i = j" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?i = j"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&amp;nbsp;, Normal stress&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;if &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=i \neq j" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&lt;IMG title="i \neq j" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?i \neq j"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&amp;nbsp;, Shear stress&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;위에서는 아랫첨자 둘로 표현을 했는데, 아랫첨자가 문자 하나로 된 경우는 언제나 normal stress 이다.&lt;br /&gt;On above, two lower subscript was used, but if it has only one lower subscript, it is normal stress.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=4&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&lt;FONT size=5&gt;Strain&lt;/FONT&gt; &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&lt;HR color=black SIZE=1&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;Strain 도 역시 normal strain 과 shear strain 으로 나뉠 수 있다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;Strain (변형율) 이라는 이름에서도 알 수 있듯이 변형된 비율을 말한다. &lt;br /&gt;Strain also devided to normal starin and shear strain.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Strain means the ratio of deformation.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=3 face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;Normal Strain&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px" dir=ltr&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px" dir=ltr&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&lt;div class="imageblock center" style="text-align: center; clear: both;"&gt;&lt;img src="http://ss.textcube.com/blog/2/20636/attach/XA5oaISWUi.png" style="width:574px;height:93px;" alt=""  /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px" dir=ltr&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px" dir=ltr&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;위의 그림과 같이 x 방향으로 P 라는 normal force 가 어떤 재료에 작용을 한다면, 아주 작지만 조금이라도 x 방향으로 길이가 늘어날 것이다. 마치 고무줄이나 스프링처럼 말이다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px" dir=ltr&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;As shown above, if there is a normal force amount of P to x direction, it will be extended to x direction although it is really small deformation. It's like a rubber band or spring.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px" dir=ltr&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px" dir=ltr&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;원래의 길이가 &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=L_{x}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&lt;IMG title=L_{x} src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?L_{x}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt; 이라고 하고, 늘어난 길이는 &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\Delta L_{x}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&lt;IMG title="\Delta L_{x}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\Delta L_{x}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt; 이라고 하면, normal strain 은 다음과 표현 될 수 있다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px" dir=ltr&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;If the original length is &lt;IMG title=L_{x} src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?L_{x}"&gt;, and the extended length is &lt;IMG title="\Delta L_{x}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\Delta L_{x}"&gt;, normal strain can be expressed as below:&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px" dir=ltr&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px" dir=ltr align=center&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\varepsilon _{x}=\frac{\Delta L_{x}}{L_{x}}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&lt;IMG title="\varepsilon _{x}=\frac{\Delta L_{x}}{L_{x}}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\varepsilon _{x}=\frac{\Delta L_{x}}{L_{x}}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px" dir=ltr&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px" dir=ltr&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;여기서 중요한 점은 normal strain 은 &lt;FONT color=#002fff&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;U&gt;"length (길이)"&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;의 변형만 나타낸다는 것이다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px" dir=ltr&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Note that the normal strain denote only deformation of &lt;U&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;FONT color=#002fff&gt;"length"&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px" dir=ltr&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px" dir=ltr&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;Normal strain 의 표현 방법은 다음과 같다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px" dir=ltr&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Normal strain can be expressed like this:&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\varepsilon _{i}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&lt;IMG title="\varepsilon _{i}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\varepsilon _{i}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt; &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px" dir=ltr align=center&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;where, &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=i = x, y, z" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&lt;IMG title="i = x, y, z" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?i = x, y, z"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px" dir=ltr align=center&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=i = 1, 2, 3" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&lt;IMG title="i = 1, 2, 3" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?i = 1, 2, 3"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px" dir=ltr align=center&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px" dir=ltr align=center&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;또는&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px" dir=ltr align=center&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;or&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px" dir=ltr align=center&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px" dir=ltr align=center&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\varepsilon _{ij}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&lt;IMG title="\varepsilon _{ij}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\varepsilon _{ij}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;where,&amp;nbsp; &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=i, j = x, y, z" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&lt;IMG title="i, j = x, y, z" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?i, j = x,y, z"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt; &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=i, j = 1, 2, 3" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&lt;IMG title="i, j = 1, 2, 3" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?i, j = 1, 2, 3"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt; &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;And,&amp;nbsp; &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=i = j" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&lt;IMG title="i = j" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?i = j"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px" dir=ltr&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px" dir=ltr&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px" dir=ltr&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;참고로, normal force 를 normal stress 로 표현을 하자면, cross sectional area (단면적) 을 A 라고 한다면,&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px" dir=ltr&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;In additionally, the normal stress can be expressed like below, if the P is normal force and A is cross sectional area.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px" dir=ltr&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px" dir=ltr align=center&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\sigma _{x}=\frac{P}{A}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&lt;IMG title="\sigma _{x}=\frac{P}{A}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\sigma _{x}=\frac{P}{A}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px" dir=ltr&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px" dir=ltr&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;이라고 할 수 있다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;FONT size=3 face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;Shear Strain&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&lt;div class="imageblock center" style="text-align: center; clear: both;"&gt;&lt;img src="http://ss.textcube.com/blog/2/20636/attach/XJ6LFkVcB5.png" style="width:472px;height:212px;" alt=""  /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;어떤 재료에 shear stress (전단 응력) 을 작용하게 되면 아주 작겠지만, 각도가 일그러진다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;If a shear stress is applied to a material, there will be angular deformation, although it is really small.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;원래의 각도가 &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=90 \, deg = \frac{\pi }{2} \, rad" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&lt;IMG title="90 \, deg = \frac{\pi }{2} \, rad" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?90 \, deg = \frac{\pi }{2} \, rad"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt; 이었고, 변형된 각이 &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\alpha" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&lt;IMG title=\alpha src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\alpha"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt; 와 &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\beta" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&lt;IMG title=\beta src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\beta"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt; 이라면, shear strain 은 다음과 같이 나타 낼 수 있다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;If the original angle was &lt;IMG title="90 \, deg = \frac{\pi }{2} \, rad" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?90 \, deg = \frac{\pi }{2} \, rad"&gt;, and the deformed angle are &lt;IMG title=\alpha src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\alpha"&gt;&amp;nbsp;and &lt;IMG title=\beta src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\beta"&gt;, the shear strain can be expressed below:&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\gamma _{xy}=\frac{\pi }{2}-\theta _{x}=\alpha @plus;\beta" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&lt;IMG title="\gamma _{xy}=\frac{\pi }{2}-\theta _{x}=\alpha +\beta" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\gamma _{xy}=\frac{\pi }{2}-\theta _{x}=\alpha +\beta"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;Shear strain 은 길이를 변형 시키는 normal strain 과 다르게 &lt;FONT color=#002fff&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;U&gt;"angle (각도)"&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt; 만 변형 시킨다. 여기서의 shear strain의 단위는 rad 이다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Compare to normal strain which deform only length, the shear strain deforms only &lt;FONT color=#002fff&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;"angle"&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;FONT color=#000000&gt;. &lt;/FONT&gt;The unit of shear strain is rad.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;Shear strain 의 표현 방법은 크게 두가지 방법이 있다. Tensor strain 으로 표현하는 것과 Engineering strain 으로 표현하는 것이다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Basically, there is two expression to denote shear strain; tensor strain and engineering strain.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;먼저 Tensor strain 으로 shear strain 을 표현하면 다음과 같다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;First, tensor strain of shear strain is expressed like this:&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px" dir=ltr align=center&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\varepsilon _{ij}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&lt;IMG title="\varepsilon _{ij}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\varepsilon _{ij}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;where,&amp;nbsp; &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=i, j = x, y, z" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&lt;IMG title="i, j = x, y, z" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?i, j = x,y, z"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt; &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=i, j = 1, 2, 3" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&lt;IMG title="i, j = 1, 2, 3" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?i, j = 1, 2, 3"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt; &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;And,&amp;nbsp; &lt;IMG title="i \neq j" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?i \neq j"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;Engineering strain 으로 표현하면 다음과 같다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;And, engineering strain or shear strain is expressed like this:&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\gamma _{ij}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&lt;IMG title="\gamma _{ij}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\gamma _{ij}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;where,&amp;nbsp; &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=i, j = x, y, z" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&lt;IMG title="i, j = x, y, z" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?i, j = x,y, z"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt; &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=i, j = 1, 2, 3" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&lt;IMG title="i, j = 1, 2, 3" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?i, j = 1, 2, 3"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt; &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;And,&amp;nbsp; &lt;IMG title="i \neq j" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?i \neq j"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;Tensor strain 과 engineering strain 표현 방식의 관계는 다음과 같다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;The tensor strain and engineering strain or shear strain have this relationship.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\varepsilon _{ij}=\frac{1}{2}\gamma _{ij}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&lt;IMG title="\varepsilon _{ij}=\frac{1}{2}\gamma _{ij}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\varepsilon _{ij}=\frac{1}{2}\gamma _{ij}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;where,&amp;nbsp; &lt;IMG title="i \neq j" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?i \neq j"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;보통 engineering strain 으로 즐겨 표현을 한다. 하지만, engineering strain 으로 사용 할 때는 후에 행렬 변환을 할 때에 주의를 해야 한다. Tensor strain 으로 바꿔서 행렬 변환을 해줘야 하기 때문이다. 그렇지 않으면 구하고자 하는 답은 나올런지 모르겠지만,, 많이 힘들게 된다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Normally, the engineering stratin expression is used. However, there needs caution for using engineering strain expression when we do matrix transform. Because we need to change it to tensor strain. If not, there may come out the required answer, it would be really hard to get it.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;참고로 scalar, vector, tensor 를 비교하자면 다음과 같다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;For reference, scalar, vector, tensor is compared.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;DIV align=center&gt;&lt;TABLE style="BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; WIDTH: 450px; HEIGHT: 40px; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none" cellSpacing=1 cellPadding=0 bgColor=#aaaaaa align=center&gt;&lt;TBODY&gt;&lt;TR bgColor=#ffffff&gt;&lt;TD width=135&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;TD width=135&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;Scalar &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;TD width=135&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;Vector &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;TD width=135&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;Tensor &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;&lt;TR bgColor=#ffffff&gt;&lt;TD width=135&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&amp;nbsp;변수 갯수&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Number of Variables&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;TD width=135&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;1 &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;TD width=135&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;3 &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;TD width=135&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;6 &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;&lt;TR bgColor=#ffffff&gt;&lt;TD width=135&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&amp;nbsp;표현하는 것&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;what is expressed about&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;TD width=135&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&amp;nbsp;방향이 없는 값&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;none directional value&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;TD width=135&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;방향 별 값&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;values for each direction &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;TD width=135&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;길이 변형율과 각도 변형율 또는 그외 변 수 6개 묶음으로 표현할 필요가 있는 경우&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;length strain or angular strain or other values which need to be expressed 6 values as a set&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;&lt;TR bgColor=#ffffff&gt;&lt;TD width=135&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&amp;nbsp;표현 예시&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;expression example&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;TD width=135&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=T" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&lt;IMG title=T src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?T"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt; &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;TD width=135&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\begin{Bmatrix} \upsilon _{x}\\ \upsilon _{y}\\ \upsilon _{z} \end{Bmatrix}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&lt;IMG title="\begin{Bmatrix} \upsilon _{x}\\ \upsilon _{y}\\ \upsilon _{z} \end{Bmatrix}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\begin{Bmatrix} \upsilon _{x}\\ \upsilon _{y}\\ \upsilon _{z} \end{Bmatrix}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;TD width=135&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\begin{Bmatrix} \varepsilon_{1} \\ \varepsilon_{2} \\ \varepsilon_{3} \\ \gamma _{23} \\ \gamma _{31} \\ \gamma _{12} \end{Bmatrix}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&lt;IMG title="\begin{Bmatrix} \varepsilon_{1} \\ \varepsilon_{2} \\ \varepsilon_{3} \\ \gamma _{23} \\ \gamma _{31} \\ \gamma _{12} \end{Bmatrix}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\begin{Bmatrix} \varepsilon_{1} \\ \varepsilon_{2} \\ \varepsilon_{3} \\ \gamma _{23} \\ \gamma _{31} \\ \gamma _{12} \end{Bmatrix}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&lt;/TR&gt;&lt;/TBODY&gt;&lt;/TABLE&gt;&lt;/DIV&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3375258788775543649-600999216067060642?l=spaceflux-textcube.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://spaceflux-textcube.blogspot.com/feeds/600999216067060642/comments/default' title='댓글'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://spaceflux-textcube.blogspot.com/2009/07/ae522-12-stress-and-strain.html#comment-form' title='0개의 덧글'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3375258788775543649/posts/default/600999216067060642'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3375258788775543649/posts/default/600999216067060642'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://spaceflux-textcube.blogspot.com/2009/07/ae522-12-stress-and-strain.html' title='AE522 1.2 Stress and Strain'/><author><name>nadajim</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16860058226668979333</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3375258788775543649.post-2356948460938994997</id><published>2009-07-16T01:06:00.000-04:00</published><updated>2011-01-29T08:25:53.726-05:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='body force'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='AE522 Composite Material'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='AE Study'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='sign convention'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='normal stress'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='STRESS'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='material coordinate system'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='coordinate system'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='shear stress'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='global coordiate system'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='AE522'/><title type='text'>AE522 1.1 Sign Convention</title><content type='html'>&lt;script src='http://ss.textcube.com/service/blog/script/blogger.js' type='text/javascript'&gt;&lt;/script&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;어떤 입체 형상을 설명하기 전에 Sign Convention (부호 정의) 를 할 필요가 있다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Before we start to discribe a solid body, definition fo the sign convention is required.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&lt;div class="imageblock center" style="text-align: center; clear: both;"&gt;&lt;img src="http://ss.textcube.com/blog/2/20636/attach/XaGoNOCRZc.png" style="width:620px;height:523px;" alt="" onclick="TC$PRIV_open_img('http://ss.textcube.com/blog/2/20636/attach/XaGoNOCRZc.png')" /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;위와 같은 방향이 positive direction (양의 방향) 들 이다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Aboves are the positive directions.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;직접 손이 아닌 컴퓨터로 그리니 시간이 꾀나 걸리더군요..&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;It taked pretty much time to draw it...&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;각 부호에 대한 설명을 하면 다음과 같다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;The discription of each simbols are shown below.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;UL&gt;&lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;coordinate&amp;nbsp; x, y, z : Global / Structural coordinate system (전체 / 구조 좌표 시스템)&lt;br /&gt;공간에 고정되어 움직이지 않는다.&lt;br /&gt;It is fixed on space, and does not rotate.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;&lt;/UL&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;UL&gt;&lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;coordinate&amp;nbsp; 1, 2, 3 : Material coordinate system (물체 좌표 시스템) &lt;br /&gt;1번 방향을 fiber 방향으로 정의 한다. Fiber 방향이 바뀜에 따라 방향이 바뀐다.&lt;br /&gt;The fiber direction is determined as direction 1. It rotate as the fiber diretion is changed.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;&lt;/UL&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;UL&gt;&lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;x-y plane = z plane&lt;br /&gt;Global coordinate 의 z 방향으로 중심에서 따라 나오다보면 만나는 평면이다.&lt;br /&gt;A plane perpendicular to z direction of global coordinate.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;&lt;/UL&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;UL&gt;&lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;x-z plane = y plane&lt;br /&gt;Global coordinate 의 y 방향으로 중심에서 따라 나오다보면 만나는 평면이다.&lt;br /&gt;A plane perpendicular to y direction of global coordinate.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;&lt;/UL&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;UL&gt;&lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;y-z plane = x plane&lt;br /&gt;Global coordinate 의 x 방향으로 중심에서 따라 나오다보면 만나는 평면이다.&lt;br /&gt;A plane perpendicular to x direction of global coordinate.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;&lt;/UL&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;UL&gt;&lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;dx, dy, dz : Infinitesimal length (미소 길이)&lt;br /&gt;작게 잘라 놓은 미소 입자라서 무진장 작은 길이라는 뜻으로 d 를 붙여서 표현 한다.&lt;br /&gt;Very short length of a particle, and it is expressed using d.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;&lt;/UL&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;UL&gt;&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=B_{x}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&lt;IMG title=B_{x} src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?B_{x}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;, &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=B_{y}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&lt;IMG title=B_{y} src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?B_{y}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;, &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=B_{z}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&lt;IMG title=B_{z} src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?B_{z}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt; : Body Force (내력)&lt;br /&gt;전자기력, 강력, 만유인력 등이 될 수 있는데, 이 포스트에서는 다룰일이 없다.&lt;br /&gt;It could be electromagnetic force, strong force, universal gravitation, but it would not be mantioned in this post.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;&lt;/UL&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;UL&gt;&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\sigma _{x}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&lt;IMG title="\sigma _{x}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\sigma _{x}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;, &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\sigma _{y}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&lt;IMG title="\sigma _{y}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\sigma _{y}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;, &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\sigma _{z}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&lt;IMG title="\sigma _{z}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\sigma _{z}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt; : Normal Stress (인장 응력)&lt;br /&gt;각 방향별로 작용하는 tensile stress 이다. 평면에서 normal 방향 즉 직각 방향으로 작용하기 때문에 normal stress 라고 한다. 평면에서 밖으로 나가는 방향이 항상 양의 방향 이다.&lt;br /&gt;Tensile stresses applied to each direction. It is called as normal force because it is applied to normal direction to a plane. The direction from a plane to outward is always positive direction.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;&lt;/UL&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;UL&gt;&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\sigma _{x}@plus;\frac{\partial \sigma _{x}}{\partial x}dx" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&lt;IMG title="\sigma _{x}+\frac{\partial \sigma _{x}}{\partial x}dx" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\sigma _{x}+\frac{\partial \sigma _{x}}{\partial x}dx"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;, &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\sigma _{y}@plus;\frac{\partial \sigma _{y}}{\partial y}dy" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&lt;IMG title="\sigma _{y}+\frac{\partial \sigma _{y}}{\partial y}dy" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\sigma _{y}+\frac{\partial \sigma _{y}}{\partial y}dy"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;, &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\sigma _{z}@plus;\frac{\partial \sigma _{z}}{\partial z}dz" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&lt;IMG title="\sigma _{z}+\frac{\partial \sigma _{z}}{\partial z}dz" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\sigma _{z}+\frac{\partial \sigma _{z}}{\partial z}dz"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt; : Normal Stress at opposite side (반대 면의 인장 응력) &lt;br /&gt;dx, dy, dz 만큼씩 이동된 면의 stress 이다. &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\frac{\partial \sigma _{x}}{\partial x}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&lt;IMG title="\frac{\partial \sigma _{x}}{\partial x}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\frac{\partial \sigma _{x}}{\partial x}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;, &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\frac{\partial \sigma _{y}}{\partial y}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&lt;IMG title="\frac{\partial \sigma _{y}}{\partial y}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\frac{\partial \sigma _{y}}{\partial y}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;, &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\frac{\partial \sigma _{z}}{\partial z}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&lt;IMG title="\frac{\partial \sigma _{z}}{\partial z}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\frac{\partial \sigma _{z}}{\partial z}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&amp;nbsp; 은 stress 가 바뀌는 비율이다. 즉 함수의 그래프를 그릴 때의 기울기가 된다. 결국 dx, dy, dz 만큼씩 이동하면 &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\frac{\partial \sigma _{x}}{\partial x}dx" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&lt;IMG title="\frac{\partial \sigma _{x}}{\partial x}dx" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\frac{\partial \sigma _{x}}{\partial x}dx"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;, &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\frac{\partial \sigma _{y}}{\partial y}dy" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&lt;IMG title="\frac{\partial \sigma _{y}}{\partial y}dy" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\frac{\partial \sigma _{y}}{\partial y}dy"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;, &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\frac{\partial \sigma _{z}}{\partial z}dz" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&lt;IMG title="\frac{\partial \sigma _{z}}{\partial z}dz" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\frac{\partial \sigma _{z}}{\partial z}dz"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&amp;nbsp; 만큼씩 stress 가 늘어나게 된다. 물론 기울기가 0 보다 작다면 줄어드는 것이다. 여기서는 stress 가 dx, dy, dz 구간에서는 선형적으로 변한다는 가정이 있기 때문에 위와 같은 수식을 쓸 수 있는 것이다. 유도 과정은 AE502 Strength and Fatigue of Materials 의 내용이기 때문에 생략한다. 이번 AE522 포스트에서는 기울기도 0 이라고 가정하기 때문에 결국 &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\sigma _{x}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&lt;IMG title="\sigma _{x}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\sigma _{x}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;, &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\sigma _{y}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&lt;IMG title="\sigma _{y}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\sigma _{y}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;, &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\sigma _{z}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&lt;IMG title="\sigma _{z}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\sigma _{z}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt; 으로 가정이 된다. 여기서는 이 stress의 방향 역시 면에서 밖으로 나가는 방향이 양이라는 것을 유념하길 바란다.&lt;br /&gt;It is the stress which is applied at the plane which is placed at dx, dy, dz distance.&amp;nbsp; &lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\frac{\partial \sigma _{x}}{\partial x}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&lt;IMG title="\frac{\partial \sigma _{x}}{\partial x}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\frac{\partial \sigma _{x}}{\partial x}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;, &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\frac{\partial \sigma _{y}}{\partial y}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&lt;IMG title="\frac{\partial \sigma _{y}}{\partial y}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\frac{\partial \sigma _{y}}{\partial y}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;, &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\frac{\partial \sigma _{z}}{\partial z}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&lt;IMG title="\frac{\partial \sigma _{z}}{\partial z}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\frac{\partial \sigma _{z}}{\partial z}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&amp;nbsp;are the ratios that the stresses are change. Aka, slopes. If the slope is less then 0, the stress decreases. That expresstion can be used because there is a assumption that the stress changes linearly for dx, dy, dz interval. The solving process will be omitted because it is for AE502 Strength and Fatigue of Materials course. In AE522 the slope is assumed as 0, so it becomes as same as &lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\sigma _{x}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&lt;IMG title="\sigma _{x}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\sigma _{x}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;, &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\sigma _{y}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&lt;IMG title="\sigma _{y}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\sigma _{y}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;, &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\sigma _{z}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&lt;IMG title="\sigma _{z}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\sigma _{z}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;.&amp;nbsp; Please note that the positive direction of these stresses are also outward direction of plane.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;&lt;/UL&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;UL&gt;&lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\tau _{xy}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&lt;IMG title="\tau _{xy}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\tau _{xy}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;, &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\tau _{xz}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&lt;IMG title="\tau _{xz}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\tau _{xz}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;, &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\tau _{yx}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&lt;IMG title="\tau _{yx}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\tau _{yx}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;, &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\tau _{yz}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&lt;IMG title="\tau _{yz}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\tau _{yz}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;, &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\tau _{zx}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&lt;IMG title="\tau _{zx}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\tau _{zx}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt; &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\tau _{zy}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&lt;IMG title="\tau _{zy}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\tau _{zy}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt; : Shear stress (전단 응력)&lt;br /&gt;각 면에 작용하는 shear stress 이다. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\tau _{xy}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&lt;IMG title="\tau _{xy}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\tau _{xy}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;, &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\tau _{xz}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&lt;IMG title="\tau _{xz}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\tau _{xz}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&amp;nbsp;을 예를 들자면, Global cooridate system 에서 양의 방향의 x plane 즉, y-z plane 에 있는 shear stress 의 첫번째 아랫 첨자는 x 가 된다. 두번째 아랫 첨자는 shear stress 방향이 z 방향이면 xz 가 되고, y 방향이면 xy 방향이 되는 것이다. 즉, 양의 방향의 평면에서 나머지 양의 방향으로 따라가면 그 shear stress 방향은 양의 방향인 것이다. 나머지도 마찬가지 이다.&lt;br /&gt;The shear stresses applied on each plane. If we use the &lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\tau _{xy}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&lt;IMG title="\tau _{xy}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\tau _{xy}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;, &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\tau _{xz}" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&lt;IMG title="\tau _{xz}" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\tau _{xz}"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&amp;nbsp;as example, the first lower subscript of shear stress at x plane, aka y-z plane, at positive direction of global cooridate system becomes x. &amp;nbsp;The second lower subscript becomes xz if the direction of shear stress is z, or it becomes y if the direction of shear stress is xy. In conclution, shear stress become positive shear stress if it follows the positive direction of coordinate system on a plane on positive direction. The rest of them are can be determined same way.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;&lt;/UL&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;UL&gt;&lt;LI&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\tau _{xy}@plus;\frac{\partial \tau _{xy}}{\partial x}dx" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&lt;IMG title="\tau _{xy}+\frac{\partial \tau _{xy}}{\partial x}dx" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\tau _{xy}+\frac{\partial \tau _{xy}}{\partial x}dx"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;, &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\tau _{xz}@plus;\frac{\partial \tau _{xz}}{\partial x}dx" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&lt;IMG title="\tau _{xz}+\frac{\partial \tau _{xz}}{\partial x}dx" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\tau _{xz}+\frac{\partial \tau _{xz}}{\partial x}dx"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;, &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\tau _{yx}@plus;\frac{\partial \tau _{yx}}{\partial y}dy" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&lt;IMG title="\tau _{yx}+\frac{\partial \tau _{yx}}{\partial y}dy" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\tau _{yx}+\frac{\partial \tau _{yx}}{\partial y}dy"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;, &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\tau _{yz}@plus;\frac{\partial \tau _{yz}}{\partial y}dy" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&lt;IMG title="\tau _{yz}+\frac{\partial \tau _{yz}}{\partial y}dy" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\tau _{yz}+\frac{\partial \tau _{yz}}{\partial y}dy"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;, &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\tau _{zx}@plus;\frac{\partial \tau _{zx}}{\partial z}dz" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&lt;IMG title="\tau _{zx}+\frac{\partial \tau _{zx}}{\partial z}dz" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\tau _{zx}+\frac{\partial \tau _{zx}}{\partial z}dz"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;, &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\tau _{zy}@plus;\frac{\partial \tau _{zy}}{\partial z}dz" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&lt;IMG title="\tau _{zy}+\frac{\partial \tau _{zy}}{\partial z}dz" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\tau _{zy}+\frac{\partial \tau _{zy}}{\partial z}dz"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&amp;nbsp;:&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Shear Stress at opposite side (반대 면의 전단 응력) &lt;br /&gt;이 경우는 Global coordiate system 에서 음의 양향에 있는 평면에 작용하는 shear stress 들이다. 위와는 반대로 음의 방향의 평면에서 Global coordiate system의 음의 방향으로 따라가는 shear stress 가 양의 방향이다. 이 shear stress 들도 normal stress 와 마찬가지로 이번 포스트에서는 기울기를 0 으로 가정한다.&lt;br /&gt;In this case, these are the shear stresses applied on plane which is located at negative direction form global coordiate system. Conversely from above, The shear stresses have positive direction which follow the negative direction of coordinate on the plane at negative direction. Like as normal stresses, the slopees of shear stresses will have 0 value in this post.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;&lt;/UL&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;Sign convention 은 사람들이 간과하는 경우가 많다. +, - 일 뿐이라고 생각하고 그냥 지나친다. 하지만, 상당히 중요한 개념이다. 항상 여기서 시작하면 문제해결을 할 때 틀리는 경우가 거의 없다. 하지만, sign convention 에 대한 기본 개념이 잘 잡혀 있지 않다면, 자기 자신이 햇깔려서 결국 이상한 수치만 도출해내게 된다. 자신의 결과가 tension (인장) 인지 compression (압축) 인지 판단 하기도 어렵게 된다. 그러한 학생들을 수도 없이 많이 봐왔다. AE502 Strength and Fatigue of Materials 수업에서는 이 부분에 대해 꾀 많은 시간을 투자하여 강의 하며 학생들에게 통째로 사진을 찍듯이 머리에 각인하도록 한다.&lt;br /&gt;Most people do not mind the sign convention. They just think it as + or - . However, it is very significant concept. If starts from this sign convetion, the solution brings right answer. But, the concept of sign convetion is not firm, the solution reaches to disorianted bizarre numbers. It's hard to determine if it is tenstion or compression. I have seen lots of that kind of students so far. In AE502 Strength and Fatigue of Materials course, the lecture share much time to this part, and let the student learn by their heart just like take picture in their head.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;Sign convention 을 설명하면 좋은 것이 한 입자에는 어떤 stress 들이 작용하는지 한 눈에 파악할 수 있다는 것이다. 입자 하나에 작용하는 stress 는 저것이 다 이다. 이제 이 것들이 어떻게 작용하는지 지지고 볶으며 파악하면 된다..&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;On of the good thing when we explane the sign convetion is that we can projet all the stresses applied on a partice at once. All the stresses on a particle are only that on the picture above. Now, what we going to do is toss and fry the stresses so that we can analyze what's happen on there.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;포스트를 두번 썼는데도 아직도 내 노트 한 페이지의 1/4 도 안 끝났습니다요....;;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;We still working on a quarter of a page on my note, although it is 2nd post...;;;;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3375258788775543649-2356948460938994997?l=spaceflux-textcube.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://spaceflux-textcube.blogspot.com/feeds/2356948460938994997/comments/default' title='댓글'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://spaceflux-textcube.blogspot.com/2009/07/ae522-11-sign-convention.html#comment-form' title='0개의 덧글'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3375258788775543649/posts/default/2356948460938994997'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3375258788775543649/posts/default/2356948460938994997'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://spaceflux-textcube.blogspot.com/2009/07/ae522-11-sign-convention.html' title='AE522 1.1 Sign Convention'/><author><name>nadajim</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16860058226668979333</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3375258788775543649.post-8657956594339764708</id><published>2009-07-14T22:29:00.000-04:00</published><updated>2011-01-29T08:25:53.674-05:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='AE522 Composite Material'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='AE Study'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='isotropic'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='COMPOSITE'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='anisotropic'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='composite material'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='material'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='material property'/><title type='text'>AE522 1. Anisotropic Elasticity</title><content type='html'>&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;Composite Material (복합재료) 에 대해 알기전에 이 세상에는 어떤 부류의 material (물질)들이 있는지 알 필요가 있다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;Composite Material 이 어떤 부류의 물질인 줄은 알아야지 무엇이 Composite Material 이고 아닌지 판단 할 수 있기 때문이다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Before we start to learn about composite material, we need to know what types of material are in this world.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Because, we can determine what is composite material or not, after we know what type of material is composite material.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;어떤 물질인지를 알아내는 방법은 물질의 material property (물성치) 를 보고 판단 할 수 있다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;물질이 가질 수 있는 material property 는 여러가지가 있다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;가장 손쉽게 알 수 있는 방법은 material property 를 정리한 테이블을 보면 무엇이 있는지 알 수 있다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;인터넷으로는 MatWeb ( &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.matweb.com/"&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;www.matweb.com&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&amp;nbsp;) 에 가보면 정말 많은 material 에 대한 material property 를 찾을 수 있다. &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;( &lt;A href="http://www.matweb.com/"&gt;www.matweb.com&lt;/A&gt;&amp;nbsp;)&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;Mechanics of Material (재료역학) 또는 Solid Mechanics (고체역학) 에서는 아래와 같은 material property 를 많이 접하게 된다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;A specific material can be determined by material property.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;A material can have lots of material property.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;A&lt;/FONT&gt; material property table tell us type of material properties easily.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Lots of material propertis of materials can be obtained through internet such as MatWeb. &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Belows are the material properties which is used frequntly &amp;nbsp;in studies of Mechanics of Material or Solid Mechanics.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;UL&gt;&lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;Density (밀도)&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;&lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;Modulus of Elasticity (탄성률)&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;&lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;Tensile Strength (인장강도)&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;&lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;Shear Modulus (전단탄성률)&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;&lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;Shear Strength (전단강도)&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;&lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;Poissons Ratio (푸와송비)&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;&lt;/UL&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;이 외에도 thermal cunductivity (열전도율), melting point (녹는점), electrical resistivity (전기저항률) 등 하나의 물질이 가질 수 있는 material property는 많다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;A material could have more material properties such as thermal cunductivity, melting point, electrical resistivity, and etc.&amp;nbsp; &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;물질은 크게 두가지 종류로 나뉠 수 있다. Isotropic material 과 Anisotropic material 이다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=2 face=Arial&gt;Basically, materials can be devided into two types: Isotropic material and Anisotropic material.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT size=3 face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;Isotropic Material&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;BLOCKQUOTE style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px" dir=ltr&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;Isotropic Material 은 &lt;STRONG&gt;모든 방향으로 material property 가 homogeneous 한 물질&lt;/STRONG&gt;을 뜻한다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;간단히 말하자면, 모든 방향으로 물성치가 균일하다는 것이다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;Homogeneous 라는 뜻은 어느 한 물질이 있는데, 그 물질의 모든 부분에서 균일한 material property 를 갖는 경우를 뜻한다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;순수 물질이나 보통 합금들은 방향에도 관계 없이 항상 균일안 material property 를 같는다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;이러한 물질들을 통틀어 isotropic material 이라고 한다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;예를 들어 항공기에서 많이 쓰는 Al 2024 알류미늄 합금의 어떠한, 아무 부분을 잘라서 비교해보면 방향을 돌려도 항상 균일한 material property를 갖는다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Isotropic materials are materials which have &lt;STRONG&gt;homogeneous material property for every direction&lt;/STRONG&gt;.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Homogeneous means that every part of the material have same material property.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Usally, pure materials (substance) or alloys have homogeneous material property regardless directions.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;For these kind of materials, we call it as isotropic materials.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;For example, if we compare the pieces of Al 2024, which is used for aircraft widly, cut from every other places, they always have homogeneous material properties for any direction.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/BLOCKQUOTE&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT size=3 face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;Anisotropic Material&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;BLOCKQUOTE style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px" dir=ltr&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;Anisotropic Material 은 an 이란 접두사가 붙어 &lt;STRONG&gt;Isotropic Material 이 아닌 물질&lt;/STRONG&gt;을 뜻한다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;방향에 따라 material property 가 다를 수 있는 물질이다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;Homogeneous 할 수는 있다. 그런데, 방향을 돌리면 material property 가 달라진다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;Composite material 대부분이 이 경우에 속한다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;왜냐하면 fiber 방향으로는 tensile strength 가 강하지만, 그렇지 않은 방향으로는 무지 약하기 때문이다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;하지만, 완벽하게 제조된 composite material, 특히 한장의 composite material, 이라면 어디를 잘라서 비교를 하던 같은 방향으로 같은 비율의 fiber 와 resin 이 있을 것이기 때문에 homogeneous 할 수 있다는 것이다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;종류에는 Graphite/Epoxy, Glass/Epoxy, 등등 사람들이 조합해 만드는데로 종류가 많아진다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;A prefix 'an' is used to denote that a anisotropic material is a material &lt;STRONG&gt;which is not isotropic material&lt;/STRONG&gt;.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;It means material properties of a material can be different as the direction is changed.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;It can be homogeneous, but if the direction is changed, the material properties are changed either.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Most of composite materials are included in this type.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Because, tensile strength of a composite material is way stronger for fiber direction then other direction.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;However, if every pieces of a perfectly fabricated composite material, spacially a lamina, are compared, they will have same ratio of fiber and resin and fibers will layed in same direction. That's way we can call it as homogeneous material.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;There can be made lots of types of composite materials such as, Graphite/Epoxy, Glass/Epoxy, and etc. &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;/BLOCKQUOTE&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;이 포스트에서는 결국에는 composite material 의 strength 를 analysis 하는 것이 최종 목표이기에 Modulus of Elasticity (E) 에 대해 중점적으로 다루게 된다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;In this post, &amp;nbsp;Modulus of Elasticity (E) will be dealed with significantly, because analyzing strength of composite material is final object after all. &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;Stress (응력) (σ) 와 strain (변형율) (ε) 그리고 modulus of elasticity (E) 은 다음과 같은 관계를 갖는다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Stress(σ), strain(ε) and modulus of elasticity (E) have a relation below.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&lt;A href="http://www.codecogs.com/eqnedit.php?latex=\sigma = E\varepsilon" target=_blank&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&lt;IMG title="\sigma = E\varepsilon" src="http://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\sigma = E\varepsilon"&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;Mechanics of Material 또는 Solid Mechanics 을 해본 사람이라면 무진장 많이 봤을 공식이다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;You may have seen this equation so a lot, if you have done Mechanics of Material or Solid Mechanics.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;Mechanics of Material 또는 Solid Mechanics 에서는 isotropic material을 다루었으므로, &amp;nbsp;Modulus of Elasticity (E) 는 material property table 에서 &lt;U&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;"물질 하나에 하나만"&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/U&gt; 찾아서 쓰면 되었다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;U&gt;Only one Modulus of Elasticity (E) was need for one material&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt; because only isotropic material was used in Mechanics of Material or Solid Mechanics.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;그러나 composite material 은 anisotropic material 이기 때문에 modulus of elasticity (E) 가 방향에 따라 바뀌게 된다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;그러므로 만약 material property table 이 있다면, &lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;U&gt;"물질 하나에 방향에 맞는 여러 값"&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt;을 사용해야 한다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;However, because a composite material is anisotropic material, the modulus of elasticity (E) changes by its direction.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Thus, if there is a material property table, &lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;U&gt;suitalbe various material property should be used following its direction for a composite material&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt;.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;그런데, 문제는 이 material property 를 3 차원으로 360 도 모든 방향에 주는 것이 아니라 x, y, z 방향 즉, 3차원 방향으로 90 도 방향씩만 해서 3 개만 주어진다. 또는 그냥 그 3 개도 다 있지 않을 수도 있다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;The problem is, the material properties are not given for every 360 deg in 3D. It is given only in x, y, z direction which is given only 3 material properties in every 90 deg in 3D. Or, there may be less then 3 material properties.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;결론은 조금만 각도가 틀어져도 따로 계산해서 modulus of elasticity (E) 를 사용해야 한다는 것이다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;FONT color=#ff0000&gt;&lt;U&gt;Composite material 에서는 modulus of elasticity (E) 가 더 이상 "constant (상수)"가 아니라 "variable (변수)"&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt;가 된다고 보면 된다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;The conclution is, although there is small angular chagne, modulus of elasticity (E) should be obtained by calculation.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT color=#ff0000 face=Arial&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;U&gt;For composite material, the modulus of elasticity (E) is not "constant" any more. It's "variable"&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;저 간단한 식이 그렇게 복잡해질 줄이야.. ㅎㅎㅎㅎㅎ ㅠㅜ&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;How the simple equation could be so complicated.. hehehehe TT&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;이 것 또한 잊지 말자! Composite material 역사가 짧은지라,, material property가 isotropic material 만큼 정리되어 있질 않다. 그리고 fiber 종류, resin 종류, fiber 와 resin 비율, fiber 방향, fiber 엮어둔 모양에 따라 material property는 변한다................ 물론 재조 과정에서도 변한다. 아무리 똑같이 만든다고 해도 실은 똑같지는 않다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;거기다가 그 안에 sensor 도 넣고, actuator 도 넣고, 상처가 났을 때 스스로 복구되는 repair curing resin 도 넣고, nano 단위 fiber도 넣고,,, 여러가지를 넣는 시도를 하고 있다. composite material 이름데로 여러가지를 넣으려고 한다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;이것 저것 짬뽕하는 것은 참 재미있는 시도이지만, ^^ 그걸 analysis 하려면 머리가 아프게 된다요..!!&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Don't forget this! Because the history of compostie material is so short, there are few material properties for composite material, and they are not organized as well as isotropic materials.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Futhermore, the material properties are change as the type of fiber, the type of resin, the retio of fiber and resin, the direction of fiber, the woven shape of fiber are change......&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Of coures, it is changed by fabrication process. Although they trying to make it identically, actually, it came out differently. &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Moreover, people trying to put sensor, actuator, repair curing resin which makes the composite material healed by itself, nano fiber, and other lots of things. They trying to put lots of things just as its name; composite material.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Combining lots of things is pretty much fun experiment. but,, ;-) it makes big headache to analyze it.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;그래서 이 포스트에서는 Syllabus 에서 언급 한데로 "기본적인" composite material 의 역학을 다루겠다는 것입니다..&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;So, because of this reason, the basic concepts of the mechanical behavior of composite material will be dealed with in this post as mentioned in syllabus.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;다 보고 나시면,, anisotropic material 을 isotropic material 처럼 바꿔서 계산도 하기도 하니까 넘 걱정 마시길 바랍니다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;But, don't worry too much. Because we gonna learn the calculation technique which switch the anisotropic material to isotropic material.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;제 노트에는 이 부분이 한 줄로 끝나 있는데요.. 포스트로 쓰니 이렇게 길어지군요.;; 아 하 핫핫;;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;In my note, this part is discribed only in one line. But, in post,, it become so long..&amp;nbsp; hhhh;;;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;Chepter 시작 하기 앞서 기본 개념 한번 잡아 봤습니다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;I just make sure the basic concepts before we start the chapter.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3375258788775543649-8657956594339764708?l=spaceflux-textcube.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://spaceflux-textcube.blogspot.com/feeds/8657956594339764708/comments/default' title='댓글'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://spaceflux-textcube.blogspot.com/2009/07/ae522-1-anisotropic-elasticity.html#comment-form' title='0개의 덧글'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3375258788775543649/posts/default/8657956594339764708'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3375258788775543649/posts/default/8657956594339764708'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://spaceflux-textcube.blogspot.com/2009/07/ae522-1-anisotropic-elasticity.html' title='AE522 1. Anisotropic Elasticity'/><author><name>nadajim</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16860058226668979333</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3375258788775543649.post-6696874394419969435</id><published>2009-07-13T22:34:00.000-04:00</published><updated>2011-01-29T08:25:53.557-05:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='AE522 Composite Material'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='AE Study'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='structure'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='COMPOSITE'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='syllabus'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='material'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='AE522'/><title type='text'>AE522 Analysis of Aircraft Composite Materials Syllabus</title><content type='html'>&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;이 카테고리의 포스트는 제가 이번 2009 Summer A 학기에 Yi Zhao 교수님께 배운 Analysis of Aircraft Composite Materials 수업에 대한 내용을 올릴 것입니다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;In this category, the lectures of Analysis of Aircraft Composite Materials taught by Dr. Zhao, Yi will be posted.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;Aerospace Engineering 카테고리인데 왜 느닷없이 복합재료부터 올라 오냐면은요,, 가장 최근에 들은 수업이 이 수업이라서 그렇습니다.. 아무레도 감각이 가장 살아 있는 과목이니까요..&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;Why those the composite material comes first although that it is Aerospace Engineering category? That's just I take that course most recently, and sense is still alive on this subject.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=3 face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;U&gt;Goals&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;이 포스트에서는 기본적인 복합재료 역학을 다룰 것 입니다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;On this post, the basic concepts of mechanical behavior of composite materials will be introduced. &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=3 face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;U&gt;General Topics&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;OL&gt;&lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;Anisotropic elasticity&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;&lt;UL&gt;&lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;Generalized Hooke's Law&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;&lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;Engineering constants prediction&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;&lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;Stress and strain transformation&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;&lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;Compliance and stiffness&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;&lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;Transformed reduced compliance and stiffness&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;&lt;/UL&gt;&lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;Clasical Laminate Theory&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;&lt;UL&gt;&lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;Kirchhoff hypothesis&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;&lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;Stress and strain distributions&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;&lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;Laminate stiffness: ABD matrices&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;&lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;Laminate classifications&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;&lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;Elastic coupling&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;&lt;/UL&gt;&lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;Failure theories&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;&lt;UL&gt;&lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;Maximum stress criterion&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;&lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;Tsai-Wu criterion&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;&lt;/UL&gt;&lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;Laminated plates (보류)&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;&lt;UL&gt;&lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;Navier solution&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;&lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;Levy solution&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;&lt;/UL&gt;&lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;Laminated beams - simplified theory&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;&lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;Box beams&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;&lt;/OL&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;U&gt;&lt;FONT size=3 face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;Required Skills&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;UL&gt;&lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;Engineering Mathmatics (공학수학)&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;&lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;Aircraft Structural Analysis (구조역학)&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;&lt;/UL&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT size=3 face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;&lt;U&gt;Reference Books&lt;/U&gt;&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;UL&gt;&lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;Alan A. Baker, Stuart Dutton, and Donald Kelly; &lt;STRONG&gt;Composite Materials for Aircraft Structures&lt;/STRONG&gt;; AIAA; 2004&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;&lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;Michael Chun-Yu Niu; &lt;STRONG&gt;Composite Airframe Structures&lt;/STRONG&gt;; Hong Kong Conmilit Press; 1992&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;&lt;LI&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;MIL-HDBK-17-3F&lt;/STRONG&gt; &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/LI&gt;&lt;/UL&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;참고 도서들은 더 많이 많이 있으나 ,, 전 이 책들을 애용 했습니다..&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;There are a lot more referances... But, I usally used those books.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;논문 저널은 따로 포스트 올리도록 하겠습니다.&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;The post about thesis journals will be posted separately. &lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif&gt;복합재료 성형하는 과정은 YouTube에 찾아보시면 여럿 나오니 찾아서 보세요~&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT face=Arial&gt;You can find some videos about curing process in You Tube, so just find and watch them~&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3375258788775543649-6696874394419969435?l=spaceflux-textcube.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://spaceflux-textcube.blogspot.com/feeds/6696874394419969435/comments/default' title='댓글'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://spaceflux-textcube.blogspot.com/2009/07/ae522-analysis-of-aircraft-composite.html#comment-form' title='0개의 덧글'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3375258788775543649/posts/default/6696874394419969435'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3375258788775543649/posts/default/6696874394419969435'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://spaceflux-textcube.blogspot.com/2009/07/ae522-analysis-of-aircraft-composite.html' title='AE522 Analysis of Aircraft Composite Materials Syllabus'/><author><name>nadajim</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16860058226668979333</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3375258788775543649.post-3494188420445707089</id><published>2009-07-12T16:12:00.000-04:00</published><updated>2011-01-29T08:25:53.515-05:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='AE Study'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='표현'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='수학'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='언어'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='공학'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='수식'/><title type='text'>Engineer가 되기 위한 첫 걸음, 수식에 대한 거부감을 없애자!</title><content type='html'>&lt;P&gt;안녕하세요!&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;처음으로 포스트를 올리게 되는군요!&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;실은 Analysis of Aircraft Composite Materials Syllabus 글을 올리다가 내용이 '급' 변경되었습니다.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;쓰다보니 수식에 대한 거부감 없애기 글이 되더라구요..&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;그래서 실라버스는 따로 올릴께요~&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;다른 공학도님들은 모르겠지만,, 전 그닥 수학을 좋아하질 않아서요.. 아무리 전공이 Aerospace Engineering 이지만요..&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;제 학교 친구들도 대부분 싫어했습니다.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;그리고 제가 강의 할때도, 뭐 강의라고 해봐야 한 두명 놓고하는 과외 수준이지만, 설명하기 편해서 수식을 쓰면 학생들은 왕짜증을 냅니다..&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;뭐 하긴, 머리속에는 간단히 수식을 넣어두고 그걸 다른사람이 알아듣기 쉽게 설명하는 것도 능력입니다.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;아무튼 수식을 좋아하는 사람은 별로 없습니다.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;제 친구 중 하나가 이렇게 이야기 했습니다.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;문과인 애가 제 친구에게 그 어려운 수학 어떻게 그렇게 매일같이 하냐구? 라고 물어보길레 이렇게 답했다고 합니다.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;우리도 수학을 좋아해서 하는 것이 아니라 필요하니까 쓸 수 밖에 없으니까 하는 것이라구..&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;제가 보기에도 거의 대부분 사람들이 이렇게 생각하지 않을까 싶군요..&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;그런데 왜 공학자는 수식을 써야 할까요??&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;다들 싫어하고 그냥 보기에는 복잡하고 이해 불가하기 짝이 없는데,...&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;수식은 어디까지나 표현 방식일 뿐 입니다.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;소설, 수필 같은 문학은 여러 단어의 조합으로 표현하고,&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;미술은 그림이나 영상, 조각으로 표현하고,&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;무용은 몸짓으로,&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;음악은 소리로 표현을 하지요..&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;공학은 수식으로 표현을 하는 것 입니다.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;왜냐면 가장 명확하고, 편하고, 간단한 방식이기 때문입니다.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;한국어로는 사과, 영어로는 Apple, 불어로는 Pomme 라고 하지만, 결국 다 같은 사과를 뜻하는 것이죠..&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;공학에서의 수식도 마찬가지 입니다. 물론 사과를 수식으로 뭐라 할지는 모르겠지만,,&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;어떤 현상에 대해서 표현을 할 때 수식을 쓰는 것 입니다.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;덧붙이자면, 공학이 수식으로 표현되어서 좋은 점이.. 미술, 무용, 음악도 마찬 가지 이겠지만,, 다른 나라에서 어떤 언어를 쓰던 상관 없이 통용이 된다는 것이 편합니다..&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;한국에서 한국어를 쓰고, 영어권에서는 영어를 쓰고 불어권에서는 불어를 쓰고,, 공학세계에서는 수식을 쓰는 것입니다..&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;요즘 다들 토익, 토플 책 들고 다니며 영어 공부에 다들 몇 년이고 기를 쓰고 열중하는데요.. 그만큼 다른 언어를 배우기가 쉽지 않다는 것이죠... 수식도 다른 표현 방식인데, 처음부터 쉬울리가 없겠죠... ㅎㅎㅎ 이거 OTL 스러운가요;; &lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;제가 말씀드리는 것은,, 다른 언어 공부하는 것처럼 수학공부 하는 것을 쉽게 포기하지 않는 자세를 갖자는 것입니다.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;암튼 키워드는&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&lt;FONT style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff" color=#ff0000 size=4&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;수식은 언어 이다~&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;입니다..&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;선생님이나 다른 사람이 떠 먹여주길 기대하는 것 보다, 스스로 차근 차근 하다보면, 늘게됩니다..&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;외국어도 스스로 많이 써야 눈, 입, 귀, 손에 붙듯이요..&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;그렇게 하다보면 나중에는 만약 수식이 아니었다면 이걸 도대체 어떻게 표현을 할 수 있을까 라고 생각이 드는 때가 올 것 입니다.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;난 수식은 싫어 라는 생각은 어여 버리시구,, 공학의 세계에 뛰어들어보시길 바랍니다~ 유후!!~&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;공학에서의 수학은, 수학가처럼 수식이 어떻게 되서 어떻게 되었네라고 증명하는 것은 필요 없고요..&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;그냥 무엇을 이 수학공식에 쓰면 이떤 결과가 나온다 까지만 하면 됩니다.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;어디다 어떻게 써서 결과만 낼 줄 알면 됩니다.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;수학은 &lt;FONT color=#002fff size=3&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;도구&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;일 뿐입니다.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;대부분의 경우 공학에서의 수학은,, 삼각함수, 행렬과 미분, 적분 정도에서 해결이 되는데요..&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;모르는 것이 나온다 싶으면 즐겨 쓰던 (공학)수학책을 다시 뒤져보세요~ ^^&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;추천드릴만한 수학 헨드북은요,,&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;Schaum's Outlines 스리즈의 Mathematical Handbook of Formulas and Tables 2nd Edition 입니다.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;뭔가 모르는 수학 공식이 나오면 후다닥 이 책을 뒤져보면 됩니다.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;추가적으로 필요한 것이,, 진동 문제들은 미분방정식을 알아야 하고요,, 수식적으로 풀 수 없는 것들은 수치해석을 해야 합니다..&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;미분방정식은 Schaum;s Outlines 스리즈의 Differential Equations 3rd Edition이라는 책의 풀어 놓은 문제들 따라서 풀다가 보면 할 줄 알게 됩니다..&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;다른 공학 수학책의 1/3 정도 두께라는 것이 무척 맘에 들고, 완전히 풀어 놓은 문제가 무지막지하게 있다는 것도 아주 맘에 들 것입니다. 그냥 따라하기만 하면 되니까요..&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;저도 미분방정식 증오 했는데요,, 이 책보고 감을 많이 잡았습니다.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;미분 방정식 할 때 도대채 왜 해가 이것이지? 라고 의문을 갖지말고 일단 예제를 따라해보고, 나중에 그 해를 수식에 넣어 보세요.. 그럼 그해가 맞다는 것을 알 수 있을 것 입니다.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;참인 것은 참이니.. 다음부터는 그대로 쓰시면 되는 것입니다.. 너무 많은 생각을 하지 마세요..&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;수치해석은 저도 따로 수업을 들은 적은 없고요.. 다른 과목 수업 할 때 필요할 때 간간히 써본 경험밖에는 없군요.. 저도 이부분은 더 공부를 해야...;;;;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;수학에 대해서 거부감을 없앨 수 있는 계기가 되었는지는 모르겠군요...&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;여러가지 공학 수업들을 따라가다 보면 &lt;FONT color=#38cc1a size=3&gt;&lt;STRONG&gt;필요&lt;/STRONG&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;에 의해서 수학 스킬을 하나 하나씩 습득해 나갈 수 있습니다..&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;어떤 것을 하려는데 어떤 수학 스킬을 알아야만 할 수 있는 것이라면, 그 수학 스킬을 알아야 할 &amp;nbsp;수 밖에 없는 것이지요..&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;저도 그렇게 하나 하나씩 쌓아 왔습니다..&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;Transnational College of LEX; &lt;STRONG&gt;양자역학의 모험&lt;/STRONG&gt;; 과학과문화; 2001&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;이 책을 초반 부분을 읽어보시면 수식은 언어이다는 이야기가 정말 잘 그려져 있습니다.&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;한번 참고해보세요~&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;저도 포스트들을 작성해 가며 제가 빠트렸던 부분,, 명확하지 않았던 부분등을 조금씩 체워 나갔으면 하군요..&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;저나 이 포스트를 보시는 분들 모두 더 배울 수 있는 장이 되길 바랍니다~&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;이미 엔지니어로 일하고 계시는 분들의 조언도 부탁드립니다!&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&lt;P&gt;여기까지 저의 첫 포스트를 읽어주신 분들께 감사합니다!~&lt;/P&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3375258788775543649-3494188420445707089?l=spaceflux-textcube.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://spaceflux-textcube.blogspot.com/feeds/3494188420445707089/comments/default' title='댓글'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://spaceflux-textcube.blogspot.com/2009/07/engineer%EA%B0%80-%EB%90%98%EA%B8%B0-%EC%9C%84%ED%95%9C-%EC%B2%AB-%EA%B1%B8%EC%9D%8C-%EC%88%98%EC%8B%9D%EC%97%90-%EB%8C%80%ED%95%9C-%EA%B1%B0%EB%B6%80%EA%B0%90%EC%9D%84-%EC%97%86%EC%95%A0%EC%9E%90.html#comment-form' title='0개의 덧글'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3375258788775543649/posts/default/3494188420445707089'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3375258788775543649/posts/default/3494188420445707089'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://spaceflux-textcube.blogspot.com/2009/07/engineer%EA%B0%80-%EB%90%98%EA%B8%B0-%EC%9C%84%ED%95%9C-%EC%B2%AB-%EA%B1%B8%EC%9D%8C-%EC%88%98%EC%8B%9D%EC%97%90-%EB%8C%80%ED%95%9C-%EA%B1%B0%EB%B6%80%EA%B0%90%EC%9D%84-%EC%97%86%EC%95%A0%EC%9E%90.html' title='Engineer가 되기 위한 첫 걸음, 수식에 대한 거부감을 없애자!'/><author><name>nadajim</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16860058226668979333</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3375258788775543649.post-1431906232352943116</id><published>2009-07-11T23:55:00.000-04:00</published><updated>2011-01-29T08:25:53.415-05:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Open'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Blog'/><title type='text'>Space Flux Textcube Blog Open!</title><content type='html'>&lt;script src='http://ss.textcube.com/service/blog/script/blogger.js' type='text/javascript'&gt;&lt;/script&gt;&lt;P align=center&gt;&lt;div class="imageblock center" style="text-align: center; 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